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Chemistry 142: Pre-General Chemistry

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Chemistry 142: Pre-General Chemistry

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Chemistry
Author
Linda Brzezinski
Publisher
Modesto Junior College
Source
LibreTexts
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 170 sections
  1. 1.01: Introduction
  2. 1.1.01: The Scope of Chemistry
  3. 1.1.02: Hypothesis Theories and Laws
  4. 1.1.2.01: The Scientific Method - How Chemists Think
  5. 1.1.03: Extensive and Intensive Properties
  6. 1.1.04: Measurements and Exact Numbers
  7. 1.1.05: Accuracy and Precision
  8. 1.1.5.01: Percent Error
  9. 1.1.5.02: Comprehension Check
  10. 1.1.06: SI Base Units
  11. 1.1.6.01: SI Length and Volume Units
  12. 1.1.6.02: SI Mass and Weight Units
  13. 1.1.6.03: Derived Units
  14. 1.1.6.04: SI Kinetic Energy Units
  15. 1.02: Numbers and Measurement
  16. 1.2.01: Significant Figures - Writing Numbers to Reflect Precision
  17. 1.2.02: Significant Figures in Calculations
  18. 1.2.2.01: Practice with Significant Figures
  19. 1.2.03: Scientific Notation - Writing Large and Small Numbers
  20. 1.2.04: Scientific Dimensional Analysis
  21. 1.2.4.01: 2.4.1 Practice Unit Conversions
  22. 1.2.4.1.01: 2.4.1 Practice Dimensional Analysis
  23. 1.2.05: Metric Unit Conversions
  24. 1.2.5.01: Practice Metric Conversions
  25. 1.2.06: Density
  26. 1.2.07: Practice with Density
  27. 1.03: Matter and Energy
  28. 1.3.01: The Classification of Matter
  29. 1.3.02: Practice Classifying Matter
  30. 1.3.03: Physical Change
  31. 1.3.3.01: Practice Classifying Change
  32. 1.3.04: Heat
  33. 1.3.4.01: Exothermic and Endothermic Processes
  34. 1.3.4.02: Heat Capacity and Specific Heat
  35. 1.3.4.03: Temperature - Random Motion of Molecules and Atoms
  36. 1.3.05: Energy and Heat Capacity Calculations
  37. 1.3.5.01: Specific Heat Calculations
  38. 1.3.5.02: Practice with Heat and Temperature Calculations
  39. 1.3.06: Phase Changes
  40. 1.3.6.01: Practice Heat to Melt or Boil
  41. 1.04: Atoms and Elements
  42. 1.4.01: Cutting Alumimun until you get Atoms
  43. 1.4.1.01: Indivisible - The Atomic Theory
  44. 1.4.02: The Nuclear Atom
  45. 1.4.2.01: The Properties of Protons Neutrons and Electrons
  46. 1.4.2.02: Isotopes - When the Number of Neutrons Varies
  47. 1.4.2.03: Elements- Defined by Their Number of Protons
  48. 1.4.2.04: Practice Isotopes
  49. 1.4.03: Looking for Patterns - The Periodic Table
  50. 1.4.04: Ions - Losing and Gaining Electrons
  51. 1.4.4.01: Practice Ions
  52. 1.4.05: Electronic Structure and the Periodic Table
  53. 1.4.5.01: Practice Electronic Structure
  54. 1.4.06: Periodic Trends- Atomic Radius
  55. 1.4.6.01: Periodic Trends- Ionization Energy
  56. 1.4.6.02: Metallic and Nonmetallic Character
  57. 1.4.6.03: Practice Trends
  58. 1.4.07: Calculating Atomic Mass
  59. 1.4.7.01: Practice Atomic Mass
  60. 1.05: Nuclear Chemistry
  61. 1.5.01: Radioactivity
  62. 1.5.02: Nuclear Bombardment Reactions
  63. 1.5.03: Half-Life
  64. 1.5.3.01: Practice Half-Life
  65. 1.5.04: Units of Radioactivity
  66. 1.5.05: Uses of Radioactive Isotopes
  67. 1.5.06: Nuclear Energy
  68. 1.5.6.01: Practice Nuclear Chemistry
  69. 1.06: Chemical Compounds
  70. 1.6.01: Ions
  71. 1.6.02: Formulas for Ionic Compounds
  72. 1.6.03: Ionic Nomenclature
  73. 1.6.3.01: Practice Naming
  74. 1.6.04: Covalent Compounds - Formulas and Names
  75. 1.6.05: Acids
  76. 1.6.5.01: More Practice Naming
  77. 1.6.06: Lewis Structures of Ionic Compounds- Electrons Transferred
  78. 1.6.6.01: Covalent Lewis Structures- Electrons Shared
  79. 1.6.6.02: Writing Lewis Structures for Covalent Compounds
  80. 1.6.6.03: Practice Lewis Structures
  81. 1.6.07: Predicting the Shapes of Molecules
  82. 1.6.7.01: Practice Shape
  83. 1.6.08: Electronegativity and Polarity - Why Oil and Water Dont Mix
  84. 1.6.8.01: Practice Polarity
  85. 1.07: Chemical Reactions and Quantities
  86. 1.7.01: The Mole
  87. 1.7.1.01: Chemical Formulas as Conversion Factors
  88. 1.7.1.02: Practice Mole Calculations
  89. 1.7.02: Percent Composition
  90. 1.7.2.01: Determining Empirical Formulas
  91. 1.7.2.02: Determining Molecular Formulas
  92. 1.7.2.03: Practice Empirical and Molecular Formulas
  93. 1.7.03: How to Write Balanced Chemical Equations
  94. 1.7.3.01: Practice Balancing Reactions
  95. 1.7.04: Types of Chemical Reactions - Single and Double Replacement Reactions
  96. 1.7.4.01: Composition Decomposition and Combustion Reactions
  97. 1.7.4.02: Precipitation Reactions
  98. 1.7.4.03: Ionic Equations - A Closer Look
  99. 1.7.4.04: Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions
  100. 1.7.4.05: Practice Classifying Reactions
  101. 1.7.05: The Mole in Chemical Reactions
  102. 1.7.5.01: Mole-Mass and Mass-Mass Calculations
  103. 1.7.5.02: Practice Stoichiometry part 1
  104. 1.7.06: Limiting Reactant and Theoretical Yield
  105. 1.7.6.01: Limiting Reactant Theoretical Yield and Percent Yield from Initial Masses of Reactants
  106. 1.7.6.02: Practice Stoichiometry part 2
  107. 1.7.07: Enthalpy Change is a Measure of the Heat Evolved or Absorbed
  108. 1.7.7.01: Practice Stoichiometry Part 3
  109. 1.08: Gases
  110. 1.8.01: Kinetic Theory of Gases
  111. 1.8.02: Pressure- The Result of Constant Molecular Collisions
  112. 1.8.2.01: Practice Pressure Units
  113. 1.8.03: Boyle's Law
  114. 1.8.04: Charless Law- Volume and Temperature
  115. 1.8.05: Combined Gas Law
  116. 1.8.5.01: Practice Combined Gas Law
  117. 1.8.06: Avogadros Law- Volume and Moles
  118. 1.8.07: Ideal Gas Law
  119. 1.8.7.01: Practice Ideal Gas Law
  120. 1.8.08: Mixtures of Gases - Why Deep-Sea Divers Breathe a Mixture of Helium and Oxygen
  121. 1.8.8.01: Practice Dalton's Law
  122. 1.8.09: Conversions Between Moles and Gas Volume
  123. 1.8.9.01: Practice Gas Stoichiometry
  124. 1.09: Solutions
  125. 1.9.01: Solutions - Homogeneous Mixtures
  126. 1.9.02: Solutions of Solids Dissolved in Water- How to Make Rock Candy
  127. 1.9.03: Henry's Law
  128. 1.9.3.01: Practice Solution Properties
  129. 1.9.04: Percent Solutions
  130. 1.9.4.01: Practice Mass Percent and Volume Percent
  131. 1.9.05: Molarity
  132. 1.9.5.01: Practice Molarity
  133. 1.9.06: Dilution
  134. 1.9.6.01: Practice Dilutions
  135. 1.9.07: Solution Stoichiometry
  136. 1.9.7.01: Concentrations as Conversion Factors
  137. 1.9.7.02: Practice Solution Concentration
  138. 1.9.08: Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation
  139. 1.9.8.01: Osmosis
  140. 1.9.8.02: Practice Colligative Properties
  141. 1.10: Equilibrium
  142. 1.10.01: The Rate of a Chemical Reaction
  143. 1.10.1.01: Practice Effects on Rate
  144. 1.10.02: The Idea of Dynamic Chemical Equilibrium
  145. 1.10.03: The Equilibrium Constant - A Measure of How Far a Reaction Goes
  146. 1.10.3.01: Calculating and Using Equilibrium Constants
  147. 1.10.3.02: Practice Equilibrium Constant Expressions
  148. 1.10.04: Calculations with Equilibrium Constants
  149. 1.10.4.01: Practice Equilibrium Constants
  150. 1.10.05: Disturbing a Reaction at Equilibrium- Le Chateliers Principle
  151. 1.10.5.01: The Effect of a Concentration Change on Equilibrium
  152. 1.10.5.02: The Effect of a Volume Change on Equilibrium
  153. 1.10.5.03: The Effect of Temperature Changes on Equilibrium
  154. 1.10.5.04: The Path of a Reaction and the Effect of a Catalyst
  155. 1.10.5.05: Practice Le Chatelier's Principle
  156. 1.11: Acids and Bases
  157. 1.11.01: Acids- Properties and Examples
  158. 1.11.1.01: Bases- Properties and Examples
  159. 1.11.02: Molecular Definitions of Acids and Bases
  160. 1.11.03: Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
  161. 1.11.04: Strong and Weak Acids and Acid Ionization Constant (left( K texta right))
  162. 1.11.4.01: Practice Acids and Bases
  163. 1.11.05: Water - Acid and Base in One
  164. 1.11.06: The pH and pOH Scales - Ways to Express Acidity and Basicity
  165. 1.11.6.01: Practice pH
  166. 1.11.07: Reactions of Acids and Bases
  167. 1.11.08: AcidBase Titration
  168. 1.11.8.01: Practice Titration Calculations
  169. 1.11.09: Buffers are Solutions that Resist pH Change
  170. 1.11.9.01: Practice Buffer Identification