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Structure & Reactivity III: Reactivity in Organic, Biological and Inorganic Chemistry

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Structure & Reactivity III: Reactivity in Organic, Biological and Inorganic Chemistry

Thermodynamics, Ligand Binding in Coordination Chemistry, Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds in Organic and Biological Chemistry, Reactions of Coordinated Carbonyls

General ChemistryChemistry
Author
Chris Schaller
Publisher
College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University
Source
LibreTexts
License
CC BY-NC
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 112 sections
  1. 01: Thermodynamics
  2. 1.01: Introduction
  3. 1.02: Enthalpy
  4. 1.03: Entropy
  5. 1.04: Free Energy
  6. 1.05: Reversibility and Le Chatelier
  7. 1.06: Free Energy and Equilibrium
  8. 1.07: Equilibrium and pKa
  9. 1.08: Hess' Law
  10. 1.09: Solutions to Selected Problems
  11. 02: Ligand Binding in Coordination Complexes and Organometallic Compounds
  12. 2.01: Introduction
  13. 2.02: How Tightly Do Ligands Bind
  14. 2.03: Electron Counting in Transition Metal Complexes
  15. 2.04: Chelation
  16. 2.05: Pi Coordination- Donation from Alkenes
  17. 2.06: Hapticity
  18. 2.07: Hard and Soft Acid and Base Concepts
  19. 2.08: Ligand Field Theory
  20. 2.09: Ligand Field Stabilization Energy
  21. 2.10: Spectrochemical Series
  22. 2.11: Ligand Lability
  23. 2.12: Jahn-Teller Distortion
  24. 2.13: Multiple Bonds in Coordination Complexes
  25. 2.14: Solutions to Selected Problems
  26. 2.15: More Solutions to Selected Problems
  27. 03: Addition to Carbonyls
  28. 3.01: What is a Solvent
  29. 3.02: Semi-Anionic Nucleophiles
  30. 3.03: Enolate Addition- Aldol reactions
  31. 3.04: Activation of Carbonyls
  32. 3.05: Addition of Neutral Nucleophiles
  33. 3.06: Proton Transfer in Carbonyl Addition
  34. 3.07: Pi Donation
  35. 3.08: Sugars- Pyranose and Furanose Forms
  36. 3.09: The Anomeric Center
  37. 3.10: Biological Reduction
  38. 3.11: Carbonyls in Biology
  39. 3.12: Organic Oxidation
  40. 3.13: Addition of Ylides
  41. 3.14: Conjugate Addition
  42. 3.15: Conjugate Addition and Elimination in Aromatics
  43. 3.16: Carbonyl Addition in Synthesis
  44. 3.17: Summary of Elementary Steps
  45. 3.18: Additional Problems
  46. 3.19: Solutions to Selected Problems Part A
  47. 3.20: Solutions to Selected Problems Part B
  48. 3.21: Carbonyls are Electrophiles
  49. 3.22: General Reactivity Patterns
  50. 3.23: Reaction Mechanism
  51. 3.24: Molecular Orbital Picture of Carbonyls
  52. 3.25: Relative Reactivity of Carbonyls
  53. 3.26: The Mechanism of Carbonyl Addition- Step One
  54. 3.27: Protonation of the Alkoxide Anion
  55. 3.28: What is a Nucleophile
  56. 04: Insertion
  57. 4.01: Introduction
  58. 4.02: CO Binding
  59. 4.03: Hydride and Alkyl Migratory Insertions
  60. 4.04: Beta-Hydride Insertion and Beta-Hydride Elimination
  61. 4.05: Solutions for Selected Problems
  62. 05: Substitution at Carboxyloids
  63. 5.01: Biosynthesis of Proteins and Peptides
  64. 5.02: Protein Modification
  65. 5.03: Additional Problems
  66. 5.04: Solutions For Selected Problems
  67. 5.05: Introduction to Carboxyloids
  68. 5.06: General Reactivity Patterns
  69. 5.07: Comparative Energies- The Ski Hill
  70. 5.08: Interconversion- Going Downhill
  71. 5.09: Getting Towed Uphill
  72. 5.10: Semi-Anionic Nucleophiles
  73. 5.11: Enolates - Claisen Condensation and Decarboxylation
  74. 5.12: Condensation Polymers and Ring-Opening Trans-Esterification Polymerisation
  75. 5.13: Peptide and Protein Synthesis
  76. 06: Enzyme Catalysis
  77. 6.01: Introduction to Enzymes
  78. 6.02: Enzyme Binding
  79. 6.03: Strategies in Enzyme Catalysis
  80. 6.04: Enzyme Inhibition
  81. 6.05: Types of Reversible Inhibitors
  82. 6.06: Covalent Modification
  83. 6.07: Enzyme Solutions
  84. 07: Metabolic Pathways
  85. 7.01: An Overview of Metabolic Pathways - Catabolism
  86. 7.02: An Overview of Metabolic Pathways - Anabolism
  87. 7.03: Metabolic Maps Homepage
  88. 7.04: Regulation of Metabolic Pathways A - How is enzyme activity regulated
  89. 7.05: Regulation of Metabolic Pathways B - Which Enzymes Are Optimal for Regulation
  90. 08: Mechanisms of Glycolysis
  91. 8.01: Introduction to Glycolysis - Energy Storage
  92. 8.02: Overview of Glycolysis
  93. 8.03: Mechanisms of Phase One- Phosphorylation and Isomerisation
  94. 8.04: Mechanisms of Phase One - Scission
  95. 8.05: Catalysis in Phase One
  96. 8.06: Mechanisms of Phase Two
  97. 8.07: Catalysis of Phase Two
  98. 8.08: Thermodynamics of Glycolysis
  99. 8.09: Thermodynamics- The Role of Concentrations
  100. 8.10: Gluconeogenesis
  101. 8.11: Regulation
  102. 8.12: Solutions for Selected Problems.
  103. 09: Mechanisms of the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
  104. 9.01: Overview of the TCA Cycle
  105. 9.02: Transformations in the TCA Cycle
  106. 9.03: Catalysis in the TCA Cycle
  107. 9.04: Solutions for Selected Problems
  108. 10: Fatty Acid Synthesis
  109. 10.01: Overview of Fatty Acid Synthesis
  110. 10.02: Transformations in Fatty Acid Synthesis
  111. 10.03: Catalysis in Fatty Acid Synthesis
  112. 10.04: Solutions to Selected Problems