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CHM 320: Advanced Inorganic Chemistry textbook

Chemistry

Publisher: LibreTexts
Source: LibreTexts
Language: EN
Category: Basic Sciences

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Contents· 239 sections

01: Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry
1.01: Inorganic vs Organic Chemistry
1.02: History of Inorganic Chemistry
1.03: Perspectives
02: Atomic Structure
2.01: Historical Development of Atomic Theory
2.1.01: The Periodic Table
2.1.02: Discovery of Subatomic Particles and the Bohr Atom
2.02: The Schrodinger equation particle in a box and atomic wavefunctions
2.2.01: Particle in a Box
2.2.02: Quantum Numbers and Atomic Wave Functions
2.2.03: Aufbau Principle
2.2.04: Shielding
2.03: Periodic Properties of Atoms
2.3.01: Ionization energy
2.3.02: Electron Affinity
2.3.03: Covalent and Ionic Radii
2.04: Problems
03: Simple Bonding Theory
3.01: Lewis Electron-Dot Diagrams
3.1.01: Formal Charge
3.1.02: Resonance
3.1.03: Breaking the octet rule with higher electron counts (hypervalent atoms)
3.1.04: Lewis fails to predict unusual cases- Boron and Beryllium
3.02: Valence Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion
3.2.01: Lone Pair Repulsion
3.2.02: Multiple Bonds
3.2.03: Electronegativity and Atomic Size Effects
3.2.04: Ligand Close Packing
3.03: Molecular Polarity
3.04: Hydrogen Bonding
04: Molecular Orbitals
4.01: Formation of Molecular Orbitals from Atomic Orbitals
4.1.01: Molecular Orbitals from s Orbitals
4.1.02: Molecular Orbitals from p Orbitals
4.1.03: Molecular orbitals from d orbitals
4.1.04: Nonbonding Orbitals and Other Factors
4.02: Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules
4.2.01: Molecular Orbitals
4.2.02: Orbital Mixing
4.2.03: Diatomic Molecules of the First and Second Periods
4.2.04: Photoelectron Spectroscopy
4.03: Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules
4.3.01: Polar bonds
4.3.02: Ionic Compounds and Molecular Orbitals
4.P: Problems
05: Coordination Chemistry I - Structure and Isomers
5.01: History
5.02: Nomenclature and Ligands
5.03: Isomerism
5.04: Coordination Numbers and Structures
5.05: Coordination Frameworks
5.06: Hard and Soft Acids and Bases
5.6.01: Quantitative Measures of Hardness Softness and Acid-Base Interactions from a Hard Soft Acid-Base Principle perspective involve orbital energies and or apportioning acid-base bonding in terms of electrostatic and covalent factors
5.6.02: Hard-Hard and Soft-Soft preferences may be explained and quantified in terms of electrostatic and covalent and electronic stabilization on the stability of Lewis acid-base adducts
06: Symmetry and Group Theory
6.01: Symmetry Elements and Operations
6.02: Successive Operations
6.03: Significance of Recognizing Symmetry Elements
6.04: Point Groups
6.4.01: Groups of Low and High Symmetry
6.4.02: Other Groups
6.05: Character Tables - An Introduction
6.06: Character Tables
6.07: Properties and Representations of Groups
6.7.01: Matrices
6.7.02: Representations of Point Groups
6.08: Examples and Applications of Symmetry
6.8.01: Chirality
6.8.02: Molecular Vibrations
6.8A: Vibrational Spectroscopy
6.8C: Vibrational Spectroscopy of Linear and Bent triatomic Molecules
6.09: Larger (Polyatomic) Molecules
6.9.01: CO (Revisted with Projection Operators)
6.9.02: BF
6.9.03: Bifluoride anion
6.9.04: Carbon Dioxide
6.9.05: HO
6.9.06: NH
6.10: MO Theory Applied to Polyatomic Molecules (BH 3) (NH 3) and (CH 4)
6.10A: (BH 3)
6.10B: (NH 3)
6.10C: (CH 4)
6.10D: A Comparison of MO and VB Bonding Models
6.P: Problems (under construction)
07: Ligand Field Theory (LFT) and Crystal Field Theory (CFT) of Octahedral Complexes
7.01: Introduction to Crystal Field Theory (Octahdral complexes)
7.02: Introduction to Ligand Field Theory (Octahedral complexes)
7.03: Ligand Field Stabilisation Energy (LFSE)
7.04: The Effect of the Metal Ion on d-Orbital Splitting
7.05: The Effect of Ligands and the Spectrochemical Series
08: LFT for Other Geometries Spectroscopic Properties
8.01: The d-orbital splitting patterns for non-octahedral complexes
8.1.01: Tetrahedral and Octahedral Geometries
8.1.02: The Jahn-Teller Effect
8.1.03: Summary of the three most common geometries
8.02: Absorption Spectra and Magnetic Properties
8.2.01: Colors of Coordination Compounds (Electronic Absorption Spectra)
8.2.02: Predicting UV-visible Absorption
09: Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties
9.01: Quantum Numbers of Multielectron Atoms
9.02: Electronic Spectra of Coordination Compounds
9.03: Tanabe-Sugano Diagrams
9.04: Magnetic Properties of Coordination Compounds
9.05: Magnetic Properties of Materials
10: Thermodynamics Trends in Metal Complex Stability
10.01: Introduction to Substitution Reactions
10.02: Metal-Ligand Association Constants
10.03: Trends in M-L stability (Thermodynamics)
11: Kinetics Trends in Kinetic Lability
11.01: Trends in Kinetic Lability
11.02: The Kinetic Chelate Effect
11.03: The Eigen-Wilkins Mechanism
11.04: Mechanisms of Substitution
11.05: The trans-effect
11.06: Redox Mechanisms
11.6.01: Outer Sphere Electron Transfer
11.6.02: Inner Sphere Electron Transfer
12: Structures and Energetics of Metallic and Ionic solids
12.01: Alloys and Intermetallic Compounds
12.1A: Substitutional Alloys
12.1B: Interstitial Alloys
12.1C: Intermetallic Compounds
12.02: Bonding in Metals and Semicondoctors
12.2A: Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity
12.2B: Band Theory of Metals and Insulators
12.2C: The Fermi Level
12.2D: Band Theory of Semiconductors
12.03: Ionic Lattices
12.3A: Structure - Rock Salt (NaCl)
12.3B: Structure - Caesium Chloride (CsCl)
12.3C: Structure - Fluorite (CaF)
12.3D: Structure - Antifluorite
12.3E: Structure - Zinc Blende (ZnS)
12.3F: Structure - -Cristobalite (SiO)
12.3H: Structure - Rutile (TiO)
12.3I: Structure - Layers ((CdI 2) and (CdCl 2))
12.3J: Structure - Perovskite ((CaTiO 3))
12.04: Lattice Energy - The Born-Haber Cycle
12.05: Defects in Solid State Lattices
12.5.E: Defects in Solid State Lattices (Exercises)
12.5A: Schottky Defect
12.5B: Frenkel Defect
12.5C: Experimental Observations of Schottky and Frenkel Defects
12.5D: Non-Stoichiometric Compounds
12.5E: Color Centers (F-Centers)
12.5F: Thermodynamic Effects of Crystal Defects
12.06: Introduction
12.07: Packing of Spheres
12.7A: Cubic and Hexagonal Closed Packing
12.7B: The Unit Cell of HPC and CCP
1.01: The Unit Cell
12.7C: Interstitial Holes in HCP and CCP
12.7D: Non-closed Packing- Simple Cubic and Body Centered Cubic
12.08: The Packing of Spheres Model Applied to the Structures of Elements
12.8A: Group 18 Elements in the Solid State
12.8B: H and F Solids
12.8C: Solid Metallic Elements
12.09: Polymorphism in Metals
12.9A: Polymorphism - Phase Changes in the Solid State
12.9B: Phase Diagrams
12.10: Metallic Radii
12.11: Melting Points and Standard Enthalpies of Atomization of Metals
12.12: Size of Ions
12.12A: Ionic Radii
12.12B: Periodic Trends in Ionic Radii
12.13: Crystal Structure of Semiconductors
13: Introduction to Organometallic Complexes
13.01: What is Organometallic Chemistry
13.02: Historical Background
13.03: The 18 Electron Rule
13.04: Reactions Involving Gain or Loss of Ligands
13.05: Organometallic Catalysts
14: Experimental Techniques
14.01: Introduction
14.02: Separation and Purification Techniques
14.2A: Gas Chromatography (GC)
14.2B: Liquid Chromatography (LC)
14.2C: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
14.2D: Recrystallization
14.03: Elemental Analysis
14.3A: CHN Analysis by Combustion
14.3B: Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)
14.04: Computational Analysis - Thermogravimetry (TG)
14.05: Mass Spectrometry
14.5A: Electron Ionization (EI)
14.5B: Fast Atom Bombardment (FAB)
14.5C: Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF)
14.5D: Electrospray Ionization (ESI)
14.06: Infrared and Raman Spectroscopies
14.6A: Energies and Wavenumbers of Molecular Vibrations
14.6B: The Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometer and Sample Preparation
14.6C: Diagnostic Absorptions
14.6D: Deuterium Hydrogen Exchange
14.6E: Raman Spectroscopy
14.07: Electronic Spectroscopy
14.7A: UV-VIS Absorption Spectroscopy
14.7B: Types of Absorption
14.7C: Absorbance and the Beer-Lambert Law
14.7D: Emission Spectroscopy
14.08: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
14.8A: NMR Active Nuclei and Isotope Abundance
14.8B: Which Nuclei are Suitable for NMR Spectroscopic Studies
14.8C: Resonance Frequencies and Chemical Shifts
14.8D: Chemical Shift Ranges
14.8E: Solvents for Solution Studies
14.8F: Integration of Signals and Signal Broadening
14.8G: Homonuclear spin-spin coupling - (1H-1H)
14.8H: Heteronuclear spin-spin coupling - (13C-1H)
14.8I: Case Studies
14.8J: Stereochemically Non-Rigid Species
14.8K: Exchange Processes in Solution
14.09: Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy
14.9A: What is EPR Spectroscopy
14.9B: The Zeeman Electronic Effect
14.9C: EPR Spectra
14.10: Mossbauer Spectroscopy
14.10A: The Technique of Mossbauer Spectroscopy
14.10B: What Can Isomer Shift Data Tell Us
14.11: Structure Determination - Diffraction Methods
14.11A: X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
14.11B: Single Crystal X-Ray Diffraction
14.11C: Powder X-Ray Diffraction
14.11D: Single Crystal Neutron Diffraction
14.11E: Electron Diffraction
14.11F: Low-Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED)
14.11G: Structural Databases
14.12: Photoelectron Spectroscopy (PES UPS XPS ESCA)
14.13: Computational Methods
14.13A: Hartree-Fock Theory
14.13B: Density Functional Theory
14.13C: Huckel MO Theory
14.13D: Molecular Mechanisms (MM)
14.14: Magnetism
14.14.01: example magnetic moment data and their interpretation
14.14.02: Magnetic Moments
14.14.03: Magnetic Moments 1
14.14.04: Magnetic Susceptibility Measurements
14.14.05: Magnetism