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Chem 10: Concepts of Chemistry

Survey of basic concepts and practices of chemistry; designed for non-science majors desiring an introduction to fundamental chemistry concepts and skills. Not intended for students who will enroll in subsequent chemistry coursework.

Chemistry

Publisher: Woodland Community College
Source: LibreTexts
License: CC BY-NC-SA
Language: EN
Category: Basic Sciences

Read online Download PDF (open licence)

Contents· 173 sections

01: Measurement and Problem Solving
1.01: Taking Measurements
1.02: Scientific Notation- Writing Large and Small Numbers
1.03: Significant Figures- Writing Numbers to Reflect Precision
1.04: Significant Figures in Calculations
1.05: The Basic Units of Measurement
1.06: Problem Solving and Unit Conversions
1.07: Solving Multistep Conversion Problems
1.08: Units Raised to a Power
1.09: Density
1.10: Numerical Problem-Solving Strategies and the Solution Map
1.E: Measurement and Problem Solving (Exercises)
02: Matter and Energy
2.01: In Your Room
2.02: What is Matter
2.03: Classifying Matter According to Its State- Solid Liquid and Gas
2.04: Classifying Matter According to Its Composition
2.05: Differences in Matter- Physical and Chemical Properties
2.06: Changes in Matter- Physical and Chemical Changes
2.07: Conservation of Mass- There is No New Matter
2.08: Energy
2.09: Energy and Chemical and Physical Change
2.10: Temperature- Random Motion of Molecules and Atoms
2.11: Temperature Changes- Heat Capacity
2.12: Energy and Heat Capacity Calculations
2.E: Exercises
03: Atoms and Elements
3.01: Experiencing Atoms at Tiburon
3.02: Indivisible- The Atomic Theory
3.03: The Nuclear Atom
3.04: The Properties of Protons Neutrons and Electrons
3.05: Elements- Defined by Their Numbers of Protons
3.06: Looking for Patterns- The Periodic Law and the Periodic Table
3.07: Ions- Losing and Gaining Electrons
3.08: Isotopes- When the Number of Neutrons Varies
3.09: Atomic Mass- The Average Mass of an Elements Atoms
04: Molecules and Compounds
4.01: Sugar and Salt
4.02: Compounds Display Constant Composition
4.03: Chemical Formulas- How to Represent Compounds
4.04: A Molecular View of Elements and Compounds
4.05: Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds
4.06: Nomenclature- Naming Compounds
4.07: Naming Ionic Compounds
4.08: Naming Molecular Compounds
4.09: Naming Acids
4.10: Nomenclature Summary
4.11: Formula Mass- The Mass of a Molecule or Formula Unit
05: Chemical Composition
5.01: How Much Sodium
5.02: Counting Nails by the Pound
5.03: Counting Atoms by the Gram
5.04: Counting Molecules by the Gram
5.05: Chemical Formulas as Conversion Factors
5.06: Mass Percent Composition of Compounds
5.07: Mass Percent Composition from a Chemical Formula
5.08: Calculating Empirical Formulas for Compounds
5.09: Calculating Molecular Formulas for Compounds
06: Chemical Reactions
6.01: Grade School Volcanoes Automobiles and Laundry Detergents
6.02: Evidence of a Chemical Reaction
6.03: The Chemical Equation
6.04: How to Write Balanced Chemical Equations
6.05: Aqueous Solutions and Solubility- Compounds Dissolved in Water
6.06: Precipitation Reactions- Reactions in Aqueous Solution That Form a Solid
6.07: Writing Chemical Equations for Reactions in Solution- Molecular Complete Ionic and Net Ionic Equations
6.08: AcidBase and Gas Evolution Reactions
6.09: OxidationReduction Reactions
6.10: Classifying Chemical Reactions
6.11: The Activity Series
07: Quantities in Chemical Reactions
7.01: Climate Change- Too Much Carbon Dioxide
7.02: Stoichiometry
7.03: Making Molecules- Mole-to-Mole Conversions
7.04: Making Molecules- Mass-to-Mass Conversions
7.05: Limiting Reactant Theoretical Yield and Percent Yield
7.06: Limiting Reactant Theoretical Yield and Percent Yield from Initial Masses of Reactants
7.07: Enthalpy- A Measure of the Heat Evolved or Absorbed in a Reaction
08: Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table
8.01: Blimps Balloons and Models of the Atom
8.02: Light- Electromagnetic Radiation
8.03: The Electromagnetic Spectrum
8.04: The Bohr Model- Atoms with Orbits
8.05: The Quantum-Mechanical Model- Atoms with Orbitals
8.06: Quantum-Mechanical Orbitals and Electron Configurations
8.07: Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
8.08: The Explanatory Power of the Quantum-Mechanical Model
8.09: Periodic Trends- Atomic Size Ionization Energy and Metallic Character
09: Chemical Bonding
9.01: Bonding Models and AIDS Drugs
9.02: Representing Valence Electrons with Dots
9.03: Lewis Structures of Ionic Compounds- Electrons Transferred
9.04: Covalent Lewis Structures- Electrons Shared
9.05: Writing Lewis Structures for Covalent Compounds
9.06: Resonance- Equivalent Lewis Structures for the Same Molecule
9.07: Predicting the Shapes of Molecules
9.08: Electronegativity and Polarity- Why Oil and Water Dont Mix
10: Gases
10.01: Extra-Long Straws
10.02: Kinetic Molecular Theory- A Model for Gases
10.03: Pressure- The Result of Constant Molecular Collisions
10.04: Boyles Law- Pressure and Volume
10.05: Charless Law- Volume and Temperature
10.06: Gay-Lussac's Law- Temperature and Pressure
10.07: The Combined Gas Law- Pressure Volume and Temperature
10.08: Avogadros Law- Volume and Moles
10.09: The Ideal Gas Law- Pressure Volume Temperature and Moles
10.10: Mixtures of Gases- Why Deep-Sea Divers Breathe a Mixture of Helium and Oxygen
10.11: Gases in Chemical Reactions
11: Liquids Solids and Intermolecular Forces
11.01: Interactions between Molecules
11.02: Properties of Liquids and Solids
11.03: Intermolecular Forces in Action- Surface Tension and Viscosity
11.04: Evaporation and Condensation
11.05: Melting Freezing and Sublimation
11.06: Types of Intermolecular Forces- Dispersion DipoleDipole Hydrogen Bonding and Ion-Dipole
11.07: Types of Crystalline Solids- Molecular Ionic and Atomic
11.08: Water- A Remarkable Molecule
12: Solutions
12.01: Prelude - Tragedy in Cameroon
12.02: Solutions- Homogeneous Mixtures
12.03: Solutions of Solids Dissolved in Water- How to Make Rock Candy
12.04: Solutions of Gases in Water- How Soda Pop Gets Its Fizz
12.05: Solution Concentration- Mass Percent
12.06: Solution Concentration- Molarity
12.07: Solution Dilution
12.08: Solution Stoichiometry
12.09: Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation- Making Water Freeze Colder and Boil Hotter
12.10: Osmosis- Why Drinking Salt Water Causes Dehydration
13: Acids and Bases
13.01: Sour Patch Kids and International Spy Movies
13.02: Acids- Properties and Examples
13.03: Bases- Properties and Examples
13.04: Molecular Definitions of Acids and Bases
13.05: Reactions of Acids and Bases
13.06: AcidBase Titration- A Way to Quantify the Amount of Acid or Base in a Solution
13.07: Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
13.08: Water- Acid and Base in One
13.09: The pH and pOH Scales- Ways to Express Acidity and Basicity
13.10: Buffers- Solutions That Resist pH Change
14: Organic Chemistry of Hydrocarbons
14.01: Introduction to Organic Chemistry
14.02: Organic Chemistry
14.03: Structures and Names of Alkanes
14.04: Branched-Chain Alkanes
14.05: Condensed Structural and Line-Angle Formulas
14.06: Cycloalkanes
14.07: IUPAC Nomenclature
14.08: Alkenes- Structure and Nomenclature
14.09: Alkenes- Cis-Tran Isomerization
14.10: Alkynes
14.11: Aromatic Compounds
14.12: Aromatic Compounds- Structure and Nomenclature
14.13: Physical Properties of Hydrocarbons
14.S: Organic Chemistry of Hydrocarbons (Summary)
15: Organic Functional Groups- Structure and Nomenclature
15.01: Organic Compounds with Functional Groups
15.02: 16.2 Alcohols and Phenols- Nomenclature and Classification
15.03: Glycols and Glycerol
15.04: Ethers
15.05: Aldehydes and Ketones- Structure and Names
15.06: Organic Sulfur Compounds
15.07: Carboxylic Acids- Structures and Names
15.08: Esters- Structures and Names
15.09: Phosphate Esters
15.10: Amines
15.11: Amides
16: The Chemical World
16.01: The Scope of Chemistry
16.02: Chemicals Compose Ordinary Things
16.03: Hypothesis Theories and Laws
16.04: The Scientific Method- How Chemists Think
16.05: A Beginning Chemist- How to Succeed