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Organic Chemistry l I

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Organic Chemistry l I

The study of structure determines their structural formula. Study of properties includes physical and chemical properties, and evaluation of chemical reactivity to understand their behavior. This is a textbook map of the first 11 chapters of McMurry's "Organic Chemistry" textbook; it is not a copy of the original textbook, but is an original construction or remix of comparable OER content on LibreTexts to recreate its organization.

Organic ChemistryChemistry
Author
Layne Morsch et al.
Publisher
LibreTexts
Source
LibreTexts
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 152 sections
  1. 01: Structure and Bonding
  2. 1.00: Introduction to Organic Chemistry
  3. 1.01: Atomic Structure - The Nucleus
  4. 1.02: Atomic Structure - Orbitals
  5. 1.03: Atomic Structure - Electron Configurations
  6. 1.04: Development of Chemical Bonding Theory
  7. 1.05: Describing Chemical Bonds - Valence Bond Theory
  8. 1.06: sp Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Methane
  9. 1.07: sp Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Ethane
  10. 1.08: sp Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Ethylene
  11. 1.09: sp Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Acetylene
  12. 1.10: Hybridization of Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorus and Sulfur
  13. 1.11: Describing Chemical Bonds - Molecular Orbital Theory
  14. 1.12: Drawing Chemical Structures
  15. 1.S: Structure and Bonding (Summary)
  16. 02: Polar Covalent Bonds Acids and Bases
  17. 2.00: Polar Covalent Bonds - Electronegativity
  18. 2.01: Polar Covalent Bonds - Dipole Moments
  19. 2.02: Formal Charges
  20. 2.03: Resonance
  21. 2.04: Rules for Resonance Forms
  22. 2.05: Drawing Resonance Forms
  23. 2.06: Acids and Bases - The Brnsted-Lowry Definition
  24. 2.07: Acid and Base Strength
  25. 2.08: Predicting Acid-Base Reactions from pKa Values
  26. 2.09: Organic Acids and Organic Bases
  27. 2.10: Acids and Bases - The Lewis Definition
  28. 2.11: Noncovalent Interactions Between Molecules
  29. 2.MM: Molecular Models
  30. 2.S: Polar Covalent Bonds Acids and Bases (Summary)
  31. 03: Organic Compounds - Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry
  32. 3.00: Chapter Objectives
  33. 3.01: Functional Groups
  34. 3.02: Alkanes and Alkane Isomers
  35. 3.03: Alkyl Groups
  36. 3.04: Naming Alkanes
  37. 3.05: Properties of Alkanes
  38. 3.06: Conformations of Ethane
  39. 3.07: Conformations of Other Alkanes
  40. 3.08: Gasoline - A Deeper Look
  41. 3.S: Organic Compounds- Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry (Summary)
  42. 04: Organic Compounds - Cycloalkanes and their Stereochemistry
  43. 4.00: Chapter Objectives
  44. 4.01: Naming Cycloalkanes
  45. 4.02: Cis-Trans Isomerism in Cycloalkanes
  46. 4.03: Stability of Cycloalkanes - Ring Strain
  47. 4.04: Conformations of Cycloalkanes
  48. 4.05: Conformations of Cyclohexane
  49. 4.06: Axial and Equatorial Bonds in Cyclohexane
  50. 4.07: Conformations of Monosubstituted Cyclohexanes
  51. 4.08: Conformations of Disubstituted Cyclohexanes
  52. 4.09: Conformations of Polycyclic Molecules
  53. 4.S: Organic Compounds- Cycloalkanes and their Stereochemistry (Summary)
  54. 05: Stereochemistry at Tetrahedral Centers
  55. 5.00: Chapter Objectives and Introduction
  56. 5.01: Enantiomers and the Tetrahedral Carbon
  57. 5.02: The Reason for Handedness in Molecules - Chirality
  58. 5.03: Optical Activity
  59. 5.04: Pasteur's Discovery of Enantiomers
  60. 5.05: Sequence Rules for Specifying Configuration
  61. 5.06: Diastereomers
  62. 5.07: Meso Compounds
  63. 5.08: Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers
  64. 5.09: A Review of Isomerism
  65. 5.10: Chirality at Nitrogen Phosphorus and Sulfur
  66. 5.11: Prochirality
  67. 5.12: Chirality in Nature and Chiral Environments
  68. 5.S: Stereochemistry at Tetrahedral Centers (Summary)
  69. 5.xx: Enantiomers and Diastereomers
  70. 06: An Overview of Organic Reactions
  71. 6.00: Chapter Objectives
  72. 6.01: Kinds of Organic Reactions
  73. 6.02: How Organic Reactions Occur - Mechanisms
  74. 6.03: Radical Reactions
  75. 6.04: Polar Reactions
  76. 6.05: An Example of a Polar Reaction - Addition of HBr to Ethylene
  77. 6.06: Using Curved Arrows in Polar Reaction Mechanisms
  78. 6.07: Describing a Reaction - Equilibria Rates and Energy Changes
  79. 6.08: Describing a Reaction - Bond Dissociation Energies
  80. 6.09: Describing a Reaction - Energy Diagrams and Transition States
  81. 6.10: Describing a Reaction- Intermediates
  82. 6.11: A Comparison between Biological Reactions and Laboratory Reactions
  83. 6.S: An Overview of Organic Reactions (Summary)
  84. 07: Alkenes - Structure and Reactivity
  85. 7.00: Chapter Objectives
  86. 7.01: Introduction to Alkenes
  87. 7.02: Industrial Preparation and Use of Alkenes
  88. 7.03: Calculating Degree of Unsaturation
  89. 7.04: Naming Alkenes
  90. 7.05: Cis-Trans Isomerism in Alkenes
  91. 7.06: Sequence Rules - The EZ Designation
  92. 7.07: Stability of Alkenes
  93. 7.08: Electrophilic Addition Reactions of Alkenes
  94. 7.09: Orientation of Electrophilic Additions - Markovnikov's Rule
  95. 7.10: Carbocation Structure and Stability
  96. 7.11: The Hammond Postulate
  97. 7.12: Evidence for the Mechanism of Electrophilic Additions - Carbocation Rearrangements
  98. 7.S: Alkenes- Structure and Reactivity (Summary)
  99. 08: Alkenes- Reactions and Synthesis
  100. 8.00: Chapter Objectives
  101. 8.01: Preparation of Alkenes - A Preview of Elimination Reactions
  102. 8.02: Halogenation of Alkenes - Addition of X
  103. 8.03: Halohydrins from Alkenes - Addition of HOX
  104. 8.04: Hydration of Alkenes - Addition of HO by Oxymercuration
  105. 8.05: Hydration of Alkenes - Addition of HO by Hydroboration
  106. 8.06: Reduction of Alkenes - Hydrogenation
  107. 8.07: Oxidation of Alkenes - Epoxidation and Hydroxylation
  108. 8.08: Oxidation of Alkenes - Cleavage to Carbonyl Compounds
  109. 8.09: Addition of Carbenes to Alkenes - Cyclopropane Synthesis
  110. 8.10: Radical Additions to Alkenes - Chain-Growth Polymers
  111. 8.11: Biological Additions of Radicals to Alkenes
  112. 8.12: Stereochemistry of Reactions - Addition of HO to an Achiral Alkene
  113. 8.13: Stereochemistry of Reactions - Addition of HO to a Chiral Alkene
  114. 8.S: Alkenes - Reactions and Synthesis (Summary)
  115. 09: Alkynes - An Introduction to Organic Synthesis
  116. 9.00: Chapter Objectives
  117. 9.01: Naming Alkynes
  118. 9.02: Preparation of Alkynes - Elimination Reactions of Dihalides
  119. 9.03: Reactions of Alkynes - Addition of HX and X
  120. 9.04: Hydration of Alkynes
  121. 9.05: Reduction of Alkynes
  122. 9.06: Oxidative Cleavage of Alkynes
  123. 9.07: Alkyne Acidity - Formation of Acetylide Anions
  124. 9.08: Alkylation of Acetylide Anions
  125. 9.09: An Introduction to Organic Synthesis
  126. 9.S: Alkynes - An Introduction to Organic Synthesis (Summary)
  127. 10: Organohalides
  128. 10.00: Introduction to Organohalides
  129. 10.01: Names and Properties of Alkyl Halides
  130. 10.02: Preparing Alkyl Halides from Alkanes - Radical Halogenation
  131. 10.03: Preparing Alkyl Halides from Alkenes - Allylic Bromination
  132. 10.04: Stability of the Allyl Radical - Resonance Revisited
  133. 10.05: Preparing Alkyl Halides from Alcohols
  134. 10.06: Reactions of Alkyl Halides - Grignard Reagents
  135. 10.07: Organometallic Coupling Reactions
  136. 10.08: Oxidation and Reduction in Organic Chemistry
  137. 10.S: Organohalides (Summary)
  138. 11: Reactions of Alkyl Halides- Nucleophilic Substitutions and Eliminations
  139. 11.00: Introduction
  140. 11.01: The Discovery of Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions
  141. 11.02: The SN2 Reaction
  142. 11.03: Characteristics of the SN2 Reaction
  143. 11.04: The SN1 Reaction
  144. 11.05: Characteristics of the SN1 Reaction
  145. 11.06: Biological Substitution Reactions
  146. 11.07: Elimination Reactions- Zaitsev's Rule
  147. 11.08: The E2 Reaction and the Deuterium Isotope Effect
  148. 11.09: The E2 Reaction and Cyclohexane Conformation
  149. 11.10: The E1 and E1cB Reactions
  150. 11.11: Biological Elimination Reactions
  151. 11.12: A Summary of Reactivity - SN1 SN2 E1 E1cB and E2
  152. 11.S: Reactions of Alkyl Halides - Nucleophilic Substitutions and Eliminations (Summary)