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Energy Alternatives

Environmental Engineering (Sustainability and Conservation)Engineering

Author: Tom Giebultowicz
Publisher: LibreTexts
Source: LibreTexts
License: CC BY
Language: EN

Read online Download PDF (open licence)

Contents· 143 sections

01: Energy Alternatives what's the meaning
1.01: Brief semantic considerations
1.02: Things to be chosen What things what choice
1.03: Back to the definitions- which one 2a or 2b
02: General Remarks
2.01: Energy and power
2.1.01: Energy Conservation
2.1.02: Energy and Work
2.1.03: Energy Units
2.1.04: Power
2.1.05: Energy expressed in terms of power
2.02: Forms of Energy- Physicists View .
2.2.01: Potential Energy
2.2.02: Kinetic Energy
2.2.03: Energy of an Oscillator
2.2.04: Free Fall Satellite Motion and the Mechanism of Tides
2.2.4.01: Free Fall
2.2.4.02: Circular Motion
2.2.4.03: Projectile Motion- Very Long Range
2.2.4.04: Satellite Motion
2.2.4.05: Tidal Forces
2.2.4.06: Extreme Tidal Effects
2.03: Thermal Energy and Heat
2.3.01: Forms of Energy and Power- an Engineers Approach
03: Fossil Fuels and Thermal Engines
3.01: Fossil Fuel Resources
3.02: How much energy there is in fossil fuels
3.2.01: How much CO2 is released by burning various fuels
3.03: Heat Engines
3.04: The Efficiency of Thermal Engines
3.4.01: The First Law of Thermodynamics.
3.4.02: Entropy
3.4.03: The Second Law of Thermodynamics
3.4.04: Sad Consequences of the Second Law
3.4.05: The Efficiency of an Ideal Thermal Engine
3.4.06: Even sadder news
04: Nuclear Power
4.01: A Note from the Author
4.02: Nuclear Physics- Brief Review of Fundamental Facts
4.03: Radioactive Decay
4.3.01: Energy Units in Nuclear Physics
4.3.02: The Decay Constants and Half-Lives
4.04: Nuclear Cross Sections
4.05: Nuclear Fission
4.5.01: Fission and Fusion Energy
4.5.02: How to calculate the mass defect
4.5.03: Energy Released by the Fission of a Single Nucleus
4.5.04: Nuclear Fusion
4.06: Controlling the Fission Chain Reaction- Nuclear Reactors
4.6.01: Essential Cross Sections
4.6.02: No magic tricks are necessary
4.6.03: Controlling the Chain Reaction and Cooling the Assembly
4.6.04: Power Reactors
4.6.05: Generation IV Reactors and Thorium Fuel
4.07: NuScales Small Modular Reactors an Oregon-born Project
4.08: The Pros and Cons of Nuclear Power
05: Hydropower
5.01: Introduction
5.02: The Origin of Hydropower
5.03: Methods of Harnessing Hydropower
5.3.01: The Kaplan and Francis Turbines
5.3.02: The Pelton Turbine
5.04: About One Famous Hydropower Plant Using Pelton Turbines
5.05: Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Plants (PSHP)
5.06: New Ideas for Hydraulic Energy Storage
06: Windpower
6.01: Applications- Winds Over the Seas
6.02: Winds Blowing over the Lands
6.03: Applications- Land and Off-shore Use
6.04: The Physics of a Wind Turbine
6.4.01: Problems with Wind Power
07: Direct Solar Power
7.01: Introduction
7.02: Harnessing Solar Power
7.03: The Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Technology
7.3.01: Solar Towers Molten Salt Heat Storing Technology
7.3.02: Parabolic Troughs and Fresnel Mirrors
7.3.03: The Linear Fresnel Mirror CSP Technology
7.3.04: CSP Pros and Contras
7.04: Photovoltaic Conversion of Solar Power
7.4.01: Theoretical Background the Nature of Light and the Photoelectric Effect
7.4.02: Semiconductors and Doped Semiconductors
7.4.03: The p-n Junction
7.4.04: Internal Photoelectric Effect in Semiconductors
7.4.05: PV Cells
7.4.06: Solar Cell Efficiency
7.4.07: Inverters
7.4.08: Pros and Cons of PV Solar Power Harnessing
08: Harnessing Power from Oceans and Seas
8.01: Introduction
8.02: Wavepower
8.2.01: Methods of Harnessing Wavepower
8.2.02: Attenuators
8.2.03: Point Absorbers
8.2.04: Other Wave Power Capturing Devices
8.03: Tidal Power
8.3.01: A Bit More of Physics
8.3.02: Tides in Coastal Regions Tidal Currents
8.3.03: Methods of Harnessing Tidal Power
8.3.04: Tidal Power Conclusions
8.04: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)
8.05: Other Possible Ways of Extracting Power from Oceans
8.5.01: Ocean Currents
8.5.02: Osmotic (Salinity Gradient) Power Generation
09: Geothermal Power
9.01: The Non-Uniform Distribution of Geothermal Heat Flux
9.02: Geothermal Electricity Generation
9.2.01: The Flash Steam Method
9.2.02: The Binary Cycle Method
9.03: The Enhanced Geothermal Systems
9.04: Geothermal Heating
9.4.01: Shallow Geothermal Heating
10: Biofuels
10.01: The History of Biofuels
10.02: New Solid Biofuels
10.03: Liquid Biofuels
10.3.01: Bioethanol
10.3.02: Biodiesel Fuel
10.04: Other Ways of Harnessing Plant Energy- Bioelectricity
11: Energy Storage
11.01: Introduction
11.02: Overcoming the Challenges of Wind Power
11.03: Problems with Solar Power- the Duck Curve
11.04: Energy Storage Technologies
11.4.01: Battery Storage
11.4.01.1: The Voltaic Cell
11.4.1.02: Lead-Acid Batteries
11.4.1.03: Lithium-Ion Batteries
11.4.1.04: The Families of Li-ion Batteries Manufactured
11.4.1.05: Batteries for Industry- and Grid-scale Storage
11.4.02: Electricity potential energy back to electricity (gravitational energy storage and compressed air energy storage).
11.4.03: Electricity Kinetic Energy Electricity Storage Scheme
11.4.04: Electricity Thermal Energy Electricity Storage Scheme
11.4.4.01: Molten Silicon
11.4.4.02: Heated Volcanic Rocks
11.4.4.03: Pumped Heat Energy Storage and Liquid Air Energy Storage
11.4.4.04: Small and Medium Scale Thermal Energy Storage
11.4.05: Electricity Chemical Energy
11.4.5.01: The evolution of the hydrogen economy policy in the 21st century
11.4.5.02: Methods of Green Hydrogen Production
11.4.5.03: The recovery of energy stored in the form of hydrogen
11.4.5.04: Hydrogen storage and transportation issues
11.4.5.05: Hydrogen as a green fuel suitable for sea- sonal storage