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CHEM 105: Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Fall 22
- Author
- Meghan M Klems
- Publisher
- Widener University
- Source
- LibreTexts
- Language
- EN
- Category
- Basic Sciences
Contents· 174 sections
- 01: What is Chemistry
- 1.01: Chemistry and Chemicals
- 1.02: Chemicals Compose Ordinary Things
- 1.03: The Scientific Method - How Chemists Think
- 1.04: Hypothesis Theories and Laws
- 1.E: Exercises
- 02: Measurements and Problem Solving
- 2.01: Taking Measurements
- 2.02: Scientific Notation - Writing Large and Small Numbers
- 2.03: Significant Figures - Writing Numbers to Reflect Precision
- 2.04: Significant Figures in Calculations
- 2.05: The Basic Units of Measurement
- 2.06: Problem Solving and Unit Conversions
- 2.07: Solving Multi-step Conversion Problems
- 2.08: Density
- 03: Matter and Energy
- 3.01: In Your Room
- 3.02: Classifying Matter According to Its StateSolid Liquid and Gas
- 3.03: Classifying Matter According to Its Composition
- 3.04: Differences in Matter- Physical and Chemical Properties
- 3.05: Changes in Matter - Physical and Chemical Changes
- 3.06: Conservation of Mass - There is No New Matter
- 3.07: Energy
- 3.08: Temperature - Random Motion of Molecules and Atoms
- 3.09: Energy and Nutrition
- 3.E: Matter and Energy (Exercises)
- 04: Elements Atoms and the Periodic Table
- 4.01: Prelude to Elements Atoms and the Periodic Table
- 4.02: The Elements
- 4.03: Atomic Theory
- 4.04: The Structure of Atoms
- 4.05: Nuclei of Atoms
- 4.06: Atomic Masses
- 4.07: Arrangements of Electrons
- 4.08: The Periodic Table
- 4.E: Elements Atoms and the Periodic Table (Exercises)
- 4.S: Elements Atoms and the Periodic Table (Summary)
- 05: Ionic Bonding and Simple Ionic Compounds
- 5.01: Prelude to Ionic Bonding and Simple Ionic Compounds
- 5.02: Two Types of Bonding
- 5.03: Ions
- 5.04: Formulas for Ionic Compounds
- 5.05: Ionic Nomenclature
- 5.06: Characteristics of Ionic Compounds
- 5.E: Ionic Bonding and Simple Ionic Compounds (Exercises)
- 5.S: Ionic Bonding and Simple Ionic Compounds (Summary)
- 06: Covalent Bonding and Simple Molecular Compounds
- 6.01: Prelude to Covalent Bonding and Simple Molecular Compounds
- 6.02: Covalent Bonds
- 6.03: Covalent Compounds - Formulas and Names
- 6.04: Drawing Lewis Structures
- 6.05: Characteristics of Covalent Bonds
- 6.06: Characteristics of Molecules
- 6.E: Covalent Bonding and Simple Molecular Compounds (Exercises)
- 6.S: Covalent Bonding and Simple Molecular Compounds (Summary)
- 07: Introduction to Chemical Reactions
- 7.01: Prelude to Introduction to Chemical Reactions
- 7.02: Formula Mass and the Mole Concept
- 7.03: The Law of Conservation of Matter
- 7.04: Chemical Equations
- 7.05: Quantitative Relationships Based on Chemical Equations
- 7.06: Some Types of Chemical Reactions
- 7.E: Introduction to Chemical Reactions (Exercises)
- 7.S: Introduction to Chemical Reactions (Summary)
- 08: Solutions
- 8.01: Prelude to Solutions
- 8.02: Solutions
- 8.03: Concentration
- 8.04: The Dissolution Process
- 8.05: Properties of Solutions
- 8.06: Chemical Equilibrium
- 8.07: Le Chatelier's Principle
- 8.08: Osmosis and Diffusion
- 8.E: Solutions (Exercises)
- 8.S: Solutions (Summary)
- 09: Acids and Bases
- 9.01: Prelude to Acids and Bases
- 9.02: Arrhenius Definition of Acids and Bases
- 9.03: Brnsted-Lowry Definition of Acids and Bases
- 9.04: Water - Both an Acid and a Base
- 9.05: The Strengths of Acids and Bases
- 9.06: Buffers
- 9.E: Acids and Bases (Exercises)
- 9.S: Acids and Bases (Summary)
- 10: Organic Chemistry - Alkanes and Halogenated Hydrocarbons
- 10.01: Prelude to Organic Chemistry - Alkanes and Halogenated Hydrocarbons
- 10.02: Organic Chemistry
- 10.03: Structures and Names of Alkanes
- 10.04: Branched-Chain Alkanes
- 10.05: Condensed Structural and Line-Angle Formulas
- 10.06: IUPAC Nomenclature
- 10.07: Physical Properties of Alkanes
- 10.08: Chemical Properties of Alkanes
- 10.09: Halogenated Hydrocarbons
- 10.10: Cycloalkanes
- 10.E: Organic Chemistry- Alkanes and Halogenated Hydrocarbons (Exercises)
- 10.S: Organic Chemistry- Alkanes and Halogenated Hydrocarbons (Summary)
- 11: Unsaturated and Aromatic Hydrocarbons
- 11.01: Prelude to Unsaturated and Aromatic Hydrocarbons
- 11.02: Alkenes- Structures and Names
- 11.03: Cis-Trans Isomers (Geometric Isomers)
- 11.04: Physical Properties of Alkenes
- 11.05: Chemical Properties of Alkenes
- 11.06: Polymers
- 11.07: Alkynes
- 11.08: Aromatic Compounds- Benzene
- 11.09: Structure and Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds
- 11.E: Unsaturated and Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Exercises)
- 11.S: Unsaturated and Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Summary)
- 12: Organic Compounds of Oxygen
- 12.01: Prelude to Organic Compounds of Oxygen
- 12.02: Organic Compounds with Functional Groups
- 12.03: Alcohols - Nomenclature and Classification
- 12.04: Physical Properties of Alcohols
- 12.05: Reactions that Form Alcohols
- 12.06: Reactions of Alcohols
- 12.07: Glycols and Glycerol
- 12.08: Phenols
- 12.09: Ethers
- 12.10: Aldehydes and Ketones- Structure and Names
- 12.11: Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones
- 12.12: Organic Sulfur Compounds
- 12.E: Organic Compounds of Oxygen (Exercises)
- 12.S: Organic Compounds of Oxygen (Summary)
- 13: Organic Acids and Bases and Some of Their Derivatives
- 13.01: Prelude to Organic Acids and Bases and Some of Their Derivatives
- 13.02: Carboxylic Acids - Structures and Names
- 13.03: The Formation of Carboxylic Acids
- 13.04: Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids
- 13.05: Chemical Properties of Carboxylic Acids- Ionization and Neutralization
- 13.06: Esters - Structures and Names
- 13.07: Physical Properties of Esters
- 13.08: Preparation of Esters
- 13.09: Hydrolysis of Esters
- 13.10: Esters of Phosphoric Acid
- 13.11: Amines - Structures and Names
- 13.12: Physical Properties of Amines
- 13.13: Amines as Bases
- 13.14: Amides- Structures and Names
- 13.15: Physical Properties of Amides
- 13.16: Formation of Amides
- 13.17: Chemical Properties of Amides- Hydrolysis
- 13.S: Organic Acids and Bases and Some of Their Derivatives (Summary)
- 14: Carbohydrates
- 14.01: Prelude to Carbohydrates
- 14.02: Carbohydrates
- 14.03: Classes of Monosaccharides
- 14.04: Important Hexoses
- 14.05: Cyclic Structures of Monosaccharides
- 14.06: Properties of Monosaccharides
- 14.07: Disaccharides
- 14.08: Polysaccharides
- 14.S: Carbohydrates (Summary)
- 15: Amino Acids Proteins and Enzymes
- 15.01: Prelude to Amino Acids Proteins and Enzymes
- 15.02: Properties of Amino Acids
- 15.03: Reactions of Amino Acids
- 15.04: Peptides
- 15.05: Proteins
- 15.06: Enzymes
- 15.07: Enzyme Action
- 15.08: Enzyme Activity
- 15.09: Enzyme Inhibition
- 15.10: Enzyme Cofactors and Vitamins
- 15.E: Amino Acids Proteins and Enzymes (Exercises)
- 15.S: Amino Acids Proteins and Enzymes (Summary)
- 16: Lipids
- 16.01: Prelude to Lipids
- 16.02: Fatty Acids
- 16.03: Fats and Oils
- 16.04: Membranes and Membrane Lipids
- 16.05: Steroids
- 16.E: Exercises
- 16.S: Lipids (Summary)