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English 102: How Arguments Work
How Arguments Work takes students through the techniques they will need to respond to readings and make sophisticated arguments in any college class. This is a practical guide to argumentation with strategies and templates for the kinds of assignments students will commonly encounter. It covers rhetorical concepts in everyday language and explores how arguments can build trust and move readers.
- Author
- Alfred Siha
- Publisher
- HACC, Central Pennsylvania's Community College
- Source
- LibreTexts
- License
- CC BY-NC
- Language
- EN
- Category
- English
Contents· 81 sections
- 01: Introduction- Why Study Argument
- 02: Reading to Figure out the Argument
- 2.01: Overview- Reading to Write
- 2.02: Types of Claims to Look out for
- 2.03: Making Notes on the Writers Claims
- 2.04: Deciding Which Is the Main Claim
- 2.05: Finding the Reasons
- 2.06: Finding the Counterarguments
- 2.07: Finding the Responses to the Counterarguments
- 2.08: Finding the Limits on the Argument
- 03: Writing a Summary of Another Writers Argument
- 3.01: Introducing the Argument and the Main Claim
- 3.02: Describing the Reasoning
- 3.03: Describing How the Author Treats Counterarguments
- 3.04: Describing How the Author Limits the Claim
- 3.05: Putting the Summary Together
- 04: Assessing the Strength of an Argument
- 4.01: Using a Summary to Launch an Opinion
- 4.02: Checking If the Meaning Is Clear
- 4.03: Questioning the Reasons
- 4.04: Questioning the Assumptions
- 4.05: Fallacies- Common Problems to Watch For
- 4.5.01: Classification of Fallacies - All the Ways we Say Things Wrong
- 4.5.02: Fallacies of Evidence
- 4.5.03: Fallacies of Weak Induction
- 4.5.04: Fallacies of Ambiguity and Grammatical Analogy
- 4.5.05: The Detection of Fallacies in Ordinary Language
- 4.5.06: Searching Your Essays for Fallacies
- 05: Making Your Recommendation in Response to an Argument
- 06: The Research Process
- 6.01: Approaching a Research Paper Assignment
- 6.02: Where to Find Authoritative Sources
- 6.03: Getting Familiar with Academic Journal Articles
- 6.04: Searching for Journal Articles
- 6.05: Strategies for Each Phase of the Research Process
- 07: Forming Your Own Argument
- 7.01: Introductions
- 7.02: Organizing a Paper to Respond to Sources
- 7.03: Definition Arguments
- 7.04: Evaluation Arguments
- 7.05: Causal Arguments
- 7.06: Proposal Arguments
- 7.07: Tips for Paraphrasing and Quoting
- 7.08: Conclusions
- 08: How Arguments Appeal to Emotion
- 8.01: The Place of Emotion in Argument
- 8.02: Word Choice and Connotation
- 8.03: Powerful Examples
- 8.04: Tone
- 8.05: Varying the Emotions
- 8.06: Fitting the Emotions to the Audience
- 8.07: Legitimate and Illegitimate Emotional Appeals
- 09: How Arguments Establish Trust and Connection
- 9.01: An Argument Implies a Relationship
- 9.02: Authority
- 9.03: Distance and Intimacy
- 9.04: Shared Sense of Identity
- 9.05: Respect and Goodwill
- 9.06: Moral Character
- 9.07: Combining Different Approaches to Trust and Connection
- 9.08: Faulty Appeals to Trust
- 10: Writing an Analysis of an Arguments Strategies
- 10.01: How Argument Analysis Essays are Structured
- 10.02: Generating Ideas for an Argument Analysis Paper
- 10.03: Reviewing an Argument Analysis Essay
- 10.04: A Brief Sample Argument Analysis Essay
- 10.05: A Longer Sample Argument Analysis Essay
- 11: Shaping Sentences to Drive Your Points Home
- 11.01: Writing Like You Drive
- 11.02: Keeping It Concise
- 11.03: Making Sentences Clear
- 11.04: Giving the Reader Pleasure
- 11.05: Understanding Convoluted Sentences
- 11.06: Exercises and Further Resources
- 12: Language - Meaning and Definition
- 12.01: Techniques of Defining- Semantics vs Syntax and Avoiding more Ambiguity
- 12.02: Criteria for Framing Definitions- Its all about Context and Audience
- 12.03: Defining Terms Appropriately
- 12.04: Cognitive and Emotive Meaning - Abortion and Capital Punishment
- 12.05: Functions of Language and Precision in Speech
- 12.06: Defining Terms- Types and Purposes of Definitions