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Introductory Chemistry

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Introductory Chemistry

A Textbook Map is an attempt to facilitate use of OER by recreating the sequence of content of an existing textbook. This is a Textbook Map of the Introductory Chemistry textbook, authored by Tro for 1-semester preparatory chemistry.

Chemistry
Author
LibreTexts
Publisher
LibreTexts
Source
LibreTexts
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 180 sections
  1. 01: The Chemical World
  2. 1.01: The Scope of Chemistry
  3. 1.02: Chemicals Compose Ordinary Things
  4. 1.03: Hypothesis Theories and Laws
  5. 1.04: The Scientific Method - How Chemists Think
  6. 1.05: A Beginning Chemist - How to Succeed
  7. 1.E: Exercises
  8. 02: Measurement and Problem Solving
  9. 2.01: Taking Measurements
  10. 2.02: Scientific Notation - Writing Large and Small Numbers
  11. 2.03: Significant Figures - Writing Numbers to Reflect Precision
  12. 2.04: Significant Figures in Calculations
  13. 2.05: The Basic Units of Measurement
  14. 2.06: Problem Solving and Unit Conversions
  15. 2.07: Solving Multistep Conversion Problems
  16. 2.08: Units Raised to a Power
  17. 2.09: Density
  18. 2.E: Measurement and Problem Solving (Exercises)
  19. 03: Matter and Energy
  20. 3.01: In Your Room
  21. 3.02: What is Matter
  22. 3.03: Classifying Matter According to Its State- Solid Liquid and Gas
  23. 3.04: Classifying Matter According to Its Composition
  24. 3.05: Differences in Matter- Physical and Chemical Properties
  25. 3.06: Changes in Matter - Physical and Chemical Changes
  26. 3.07: Conservation of Mass - There is No New Matter
  27. 3.08: Energy
  28. 3.09: Energy and Chemical and Physical Change
  29. 3.10: Temperature - Random Motion of Molecules and Atoms
  30. 3.11: Temperature Changes - Heat Capacity
  31. 3.12: Energy and Heat Capacity Calculations
  32. 3.E: Matter and Energy (Exercises)
  33. 04: Atoms and Elements
  34. 4.01: Cutting Alumimun until you get Atoms
  35. 4.02: Indivisible - The Atomic Theory
  36. 4.03: The Nuclear Atom
  37. 4.04: The Properties of Protons Neutrons and Electrons
  38. 4.05: Elements- Defined by Their Number of Protons
  39. 4.06: Looking for Patterns - The Periodic Table
  40. 4.07: Ions - Losing and Gaining Electrons
  41. 4.08: Isotopes - When the Number of Neutrons Varies
  42. 4.09: Atomic Mass- The Average Mass of an Elements Atoms
  43. 05: Molecules and Compounds
  44. 5.01: Sugar and Salt
  45. 5.02: Compounds Display Constant Composition
  46. 5.03: Chemical Formulas- How to Represent Compounds
  47. 5.04: A Molecular View of Elements and Compounds
  48. 5.05: Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds
  49. 5.06: Nomenclature- Naming Compounds
  50. 5.07: Naming Ionic Compounds
  51. 5.08: Naming Molecular Compounds
  52. 5.09: Naming Acids
  53. 5.10: Nomenclature Summary
  54. 5.11: Formula Mass- The Mass of a Molecule or Formula Unit
  55. 06: Chemical Composition
  56. 6.01: Prelude to Chemical Composition - How Much Sodium
  57. 6.02: Counting Nails by the Pound
  58. 6.03: Counting Atoms by the Gram
  59. 6.04: Counting Molecules by the Gram
  60. 6.05: Chemical Formulas as Conversion Factors
  61. 6.06: Mass Percent Composition of Compounds
  62. 6.07: Mass Percent Composition from a Chemical Formula
  63. 6.08: Calculating Empirical Formulas for Compounds
  64. 6.09: Calculating Molecular Formulas for Compounds
  65. 07: Chemical Reactions
  66. 7.01: Grade School Volcanoes Automobiles and Laundry Detergents
  67. 7.02: Evidence of a Chemical Reaction
  68. 7.03: Chemical Equations
  69. 7.04: How to Write Balanced Chemical Equations
  70. 7.05: Aqueous Solutions and Solubility - Compounds Dissolved in Water
  71. 7.06: Precipitation Reactions
  72. 7.07: Writing Chemical Equations for Reactions in Solution- Molecular Complete Ionic and Net Ionic Equations
  73. 7.08: AcidBase and Gas Evolution Reactions
  74. 7.09: OxidationReduction Reactions
  75. 7.10: Classifying Chemical Reactions
  76. 7.11: The Activity Series- Predicting Spontaneous Redox Reactions
  77. 08: Quantities in Chemical Reactions
  78. 8.01: Climate Change - Too Much Carbon Dioxide
  79. 8.02: Stoichiometry
  80. 8.03: Mole-to-Mole Conversions
  81. 8.04: Limiting Reactant and Theoretical Yield
  82. 8.05: Making Molecules- Mole to Mass (or vice versa) and Mass-to-Mass Conversions
  83. 8.06: Limiting Reactant Theoretical Yield and Percent Yield from Initial Masses of Reactants
  84. 8.07: Enthalpy Change is a Measure of the Heat Evolved or Absorbed
  85. 09: Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table
  86. 9.01: Blimps Balloons and Models of the Atom
  87. 9.02: Light is Visible Electromagnetic Radiation
  88. 9.03: The Electromagnetic Spectrum
  89. 9.04: The Bohr Model - Atoms with Orbits
  90. 9.05: The Quantum-Mechanical Model- Atoms with Orbitals
  91. 9.06: Quantum-Mechanical Orbitals and Electron Configurations
  92. 9.07: Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
  93. 9.08: The Explanatory Power of the Quantum-Mechanical Model
  94. 9.09: Periodic Trends- Atomic Size Ionization Energy and Metallic Character
  95. 9.E: Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table (Exercises)
  96. 10: Chemical Bonding
  97. 10.01: Representing Valence Electrons with Dots
  98. 10.02: Lewis Structures of Ionic Compounds- Electrons Transferred
  99. 10.03: Covalent Lewis Structures- Electrons Shared
  100. 10.04: Writing Lewis Structures for Covalent Compounds
  101. 10.05: Resonance - Equivalent Lewis Structures for the Same Molecule
  102. 10.06: Predicting the Shapes of Molecules
  103. 10.07: Electronegativity and Polarity - Why Oil and Water Dont Mix
  104. 11: Gases
  105. 11.01: Extra-Long Straws
  106. 11.02: Kinetic Molecular Theory- A Model for Gases
  107. 11.03: Pressure - The Result of Constant Molecular Collisions
  108. 11.04: The Combined Gas Law- Pressure Volume and Temperature
  109. 11.05: The Ideal Gas Law- Pressure Volume Temperature and Moles
  110. 11.06: Mixtures of Gases - Why Deep-Sea Divers Breathe a Mixture of Helium and Oxygen
  111. 11.07: Gases in Chemical Reactions
  112. 11.08: Boyles Law - Pressure and Volume
  113. 11.09: Charless Law- Volume and Temperature
  114. 11.10: Gay-Lussac's Law- Temperature and Pressure
  115. 11.11: Avogadros Law- Volume and Moles
  116. 12: Liquids Solids and Intermolecular Forces
  117. 12.01: Interactions between Molecules
  118. 12.02: Properties of Liquids and Solids
  119. 12.03: Surface Tension and Viscosity
  120. 12.04: Evaporation and Condensation
  121. 12.05: Melting Freezing and Sublimation
  122. 12.07: Types of Crystalline Solids
  123. 12.07: Water - A Remarkable Molecule
  124. 12.08: Intermolecular Forces- Dispersion DipoleDipole Hydrogen Bonding and Ion-Dipole
  125. 13: Solutions
  126. 13.01: Prelude - Tragedy in Cameroon
  127. 13.02: Solutions - Homogeneous Mixtures
  128. 13.03: Solutions of Solids Dissolved in Water- How to Make Rock Candy
  129. 13.04: Solutions of Gases in Water
  130. 13.05: Solution Concentration- Mass Percent
  131. 13.06: Solution Concentration- Molarity
  132. 13.07: Solution Dilution
  133. 13.08: Solution Stoichiometry
  134. 13.09: Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation
  135. 13.10: Osmosis
  136. 14: Acids and Bases
  137. 14.01: Prelude - Sour Patch Kids and International Spy Movies
  138. 14.02: Acids- Properties and Examples
  139. 14.03: Bases- Properties and Examples
  140. 14.04: Molecular Definitions of Acids and Bases
  141. 14.05: Reactions of Acids and Bases
  142. 14.07: Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
  143. 14.08: Water - Acid and Base in One
  144. 14.09: Buffers are Solutions that Resist pH Change
  145. 14.09: The pH and pOH Scales - Ways to Express Acidity and Basicity
  146. 14.10: AcidBase Titration
  147. 15: Chemical Equilibrium
  148. 15.01: Life is Controlled Disequilibrium
  149. 15.02: The Rate of a Chemical Reaction
  150. 15.03: The Idea of Dynamic Chemical Equilibrium
  151. 15.04: The Equilibrium Constant - A Measure of How Far a Reaction Goes
  152. 15.05: Heterogeneous Equilibria- The Equilibrium Expression for Reactions Involving a Solid or a Liquid
  153. 15.06: Calculating and Using Equilibrium Constants
  154. 15.07: The Effect of a Concentration Change on Equilibrium
  155. 15.09: The Effect of a Volume Change on Equilibrium
  156. 15.10: The Effect of Temperature Changes on Equilibrium
  157. 15.11: The Solubility-Product Constant
  158. 15.12: Disturbing a Reaction at Equilibrium- Le Chateliers Principle
  159. 15.12: The Path of a Reaction and the Effect of a Catalyst
  160. 16: Oxidation and Reduction
  161. 16.01: The End of the Internal Combustion Engine
  162. 16.02: Oxidation and Reduction- Some Definitions
  163. 16.03: Oxidation States - Electron Bookkeeping
  164. 16.04: Balancing Redox Equations
  165. 16.05: The Activity Series- Predicting Spontaneous Redox Reactions
  166. 16.06: Batteries- Using Chemistry to Generate Electricity
  167. 16.07: Corrosion- Undesirable Redox Reactions
  168. 16.07: Electrolysis- Using Electricity to Do Chemistry
  169. 17: Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry
  170. 17.01: Diagnosing Appendicitis
  171. 17.02: The Discovery of Radioactivity
  172. 17.03: Types of Radioactivity- Alpha Beta and Gamma Decay
  173. 17.04: Detecting Radioactivity
  174. 17.05: Natural Radioactivity and Half-Life
  175. 17.06: Radiocarbon Dating- Using Radioactivity to Measure the Age of Fossils and Other Artifacts
  176. 17.07: The Discovery of Fission and the Atomic Bomb
  177. 17.08: Nuclear Power- Using Fission to Generate Electricity
  178. 17.09: Nuclear Fusion- The Power of the Sun
  179. 17.10: The Effects of Radiation on Life
  180. 17.11: Radioactivity in Medicine