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Foundations of Introductory Chemistry-1

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Foundations of Introductory Chemistry-1

Chemistry
Publisher
LibreTexts
Source
LibreTexts
License
CC BY-NC-SA
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
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Contents· 170 sections
  1. 1.01: Table of Contents
  2. 1.02: What Is Chemistry
  3. 1.1 Chemistry as a Science
  4. 1.03: Measurements
  5. 2.1 Expressing Numbers - Scientific Notation
  6. 2.2 Expressing Numbers - Significant Figures
  7. 2.3 The International System of Units
  8. 2.4 Converting Units
  9. 2.5 Other Units - Temperature and Density
  10. 1.04: Atoms Molecules and Ions
  11. 3.4 Acids
  12. 3.5 Masses of Atoms and Molecules
  13. 3.6 Monotomic Ions of Various Charges
  14. 4.01 The Elements and Symbols
  15. 4.1: Molecules and Chemical Nomenclature
  16. 4.2 Atomic Theory
  17. 4.3 Isotopes
  18. 4.4: The Periodic Table
  19. 4.5 Ions
  20. 4.6 Ionic Compounds
  21. 1.05: Chemical Reactions and Equations
  22. 6.1: Chemical Changes and Chemical Reactions
  23. 6.2: The Chemical Equation - Writing and Balancing
  24. 1.06: Stoichiometry and the Mole
  25. 8.1: Stoichiometry
  26. 8.2: The Mole
  27. 8.3: Percent Composition, Empirical and Molecular Formulas
  28. 8.4: Empirical Formulas
  29. 8.5: Molecular Formulas
  30. 1.07: Gases
  31. 10.13.10: Gas Stoichometry
  32. 13.01: Kinetic Theory of Gases
  33. 13.02: Gas Pressure
  34. 13.4: Gas Laws - Charles Law - Volume and Temperature
  35. 13.5: Gas Laws - Gay-Lussac39s Law - Pressure and Temperature
  36. 13.7: Gas Laws - Combined Gas Law - Pressure, Volume and Temperature
  37. 13.8: The Ideal Gas Law and Some Applications
  38. 1.09: Electronic Structure
  39. 11.1: Light
  40. 11.2: Quantum Numbers for Electrons
  41. 11.3: Organization of Electrons in Atoms
  42. 11.4: Electronic Structure and the Periodic Table
  43. 11.5: Periodic Trends
  44. 1.10: Chemical Bonds
  45. 12.1 Lewis Electron Dot Diagrams
  46. 12.2: Ionic and Covalent Bonds
  47. 12.3: Bond Polarity
  48. 12.4: Covalent Bonds and Lewis Structures
  49. 12.5: Electron Transfer - Ionic Bonds
  50. 12.6: Lewis Structures
  51. 12.7: Violations of the Octet Rule
  52. 12.8: Molecular Shapes
  53. 12.9: Polar Molecules
  54. 1.11: Solutions
  55. 15.1: Definitions
  56. 15.2: Quantitative Units of Concentration
  57. 15.3: Solution Concentration - Molality Mass Percent ppm and ppb
  58. 15.3: Solution Concentration - Molarity
  59. 15.4: Solution Concentration - Molality Mass Percent ppm and ppb
  60. 15.5: Dilutions and Concentrations
  61. 15.6: Concentrations as Conversion Factors
  62. 15.7: Acid-Base Titrations
  63. 15.8: Normality
  64. 1.12: Acids and Bases
  65. 16.1: Arrhenius Acids and Bases
  66. 16.2: Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
  67. 16.3: Strong and Weak Electrolytes
  68. 16.4: Strong and Weak Acids and Bases and their Salts
  69. 16.5 Autoionization of Water
  70. 16.6 The pH Scale
  71. 16.7: Buffers
  72. 1.13: Oxidation and Reduction
  73. 18.1: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
  74. 18.2: Balancing Redox Reactions By Inspection
  75. 18.3: Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Using the Half Reaction Method
  76. 18.4: Balancing Redox Reactions in Solution
  77. 18.5: Electrochemical Reaction
  78. 18.6: Batteries
  79. 18.7: Corrosion
  80. 18.8: Voltaic Cells
  81. 18.9: Electrolysis
  82. 1.14: Nuclear Chemistry
  83. 19.01: Radioactivity
  84. 19.02: The History and Basics of Fission
  85. 19.03: Instruments for Radiation Detection
  86. 19.04: Half-Life
  87. 19.05 Uses of Radioactive Isotopes
  88. 19.06: Nuclear Energy
  89. 19.07: Fission and Fusion
  90. 19.08: Nuclear Reactors
  91. 19.09: Breeder Reactors
  92. 19.10: Nuclear Fusion
  93. 19.11: Biological Effects of Radiation
  94. 1.16: Back Matter
  95. 3: Matter
  96. 3.1: Matter
  97. 3.2: Physical and Chemical Properties
  98. 3.3: Physical and Chemical Changes
  99. 3.4: Elements and Compounds
  100. 3.5: Pure Substances and Mixtures
  101. 3.6: Separation of Mixtures
  102. 5: Nomenclature
  103. 5.1 Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
  104. 5.2 Naming Molecular (Covalent) Compounds
  105. 5.3 Naming Compounds that contain Polyatomic Ions
  106. 5.4 Naming Acids
  107. 7: Types of Chemical Reactions
  108. 7.1: Types of Chemical Reactions - Single and Double Displacement Reactions
  109. 7.2: Ionic Equations - A Closer Look
  110. 7.3: Neutralization Reactions
  111. 7.4: Single Displacement Reactions
  112. 7.5: Composition, Decomposition, and Combustion Reactions
  113. 9: Using Moles in Chemical Equation StoichiometryNew Page
  114. 9.1: The Mole in Chemical Reactions
  115. 9.2: Mole-Mass and Mass-Mass Calculations
  116. 9.3: Mass to Mass Calculations
  117. 9.4: Limiting Reagents
  118. 9.5: Yields
  119. 10: Introduction to Energy
  120. 10.1: Conservation of Mass - There is No New Matter
  121. 10.2: Energy
  122. 10.3: Energy and Chemical and Physical Change
  123. 10.4: Internal Energy
  124. 10.5: Work and Heat
  125. 10.6: Enthalpy and Chemical Reactions
  126. 14: Solids and Liquids
  127. 14.1: Prelude to Solids and Liquids
  128. 14.2: Intermolecular Forces
  129. 14.3: Phase Transitions - Melting, Boiling, and Subliming
  130. 14.4: Properties of Liquids
  131. 14.5: Solids
  132. 17: Chemical Equilibrium
  133. 17.1: Prelude to Chemical Equilibrium
  134. 17.2: Chemical Equilibrium
  135. 17.3: The Equilibrium Constant
  136. 17.4: Heterogeneous Equilibria
  137. 17.6: Calculating Equilibrium Values
  138. 17.7: Solubility Equilibria
  139. 20: Organic Chemistry
  140. 20.01: Organic Chemistry
  141. 20.02: Straight-Chain Alkanes
  142. 20.03: Branched Alkanes
  143. 20.04: Isomers
  144. 20.05: Alkenes and Alkynes
  145. 20.06: Aromatic Hydrocarbons
  146. 20.07 Functional Groups
  147. 20.08: Alcohols
  148. 20.09: Aldehydes and Ketones
  149. 20.10: Carboxylic Acids
  150. 20.11: Esters
  151. 20.12: Addition Reactions
  152. 20.13: Substitution Reactions
  153. 20.14: Oxidation Reactions
  154. 20.15: Condensation Reactions
  155. 20.16: Polymerization - Addition Polymers
  156. 20.17: Polymerization - Condensation Polymers
  157. 21: Biochemistry
  158. 21.01: Protein Structure
  159. 21.02: Enzymes
  160. 21.03: Monosaccharides
  161. 21.04: Disaccharides
  162. 21.05: Polysaccharides
  163. 21.06: Nucleic Acids
  164. 21.07: DNA and RNA
  165. 21.08: Genetic Code
  166. 21.09: Protein Synthesis
  167. 21.10: Lipids
  168. 21.11: Nonpolar Lipids
  169. 21.12: Phospholipids
  170. 21.13: Steroids