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Irrigation Systems Management (AET 021)
Our goal is for the reader to understand the complexities of irrigation systems and how they are to be managed to meet the water needs of the crop production system. This is not an irrigation engineering design book; we have purposely minimized the presentation of design steps and the supporting equations. The intended audience of the book is upper-level undergraduate students and graduate in agricultural or natural resource sciences.
- Author
- Dean E. Eisenhauer, Derrel L. Martin, Derek M. Heeren, Glenn J. Hoffman
- Publisher
- University of Nebraska Lincoln
- Source
- LibreTexts
- License
- CC BY-NC-ND
- Language
- EN
- Category
- Business Administration
Contents· 237 sections
- 01: Introduction to Irrigation
- 1.01: Introduction
- 1.02: Role of Irrigation
- 1.03: Irrigation Development
- 1.04: Impact of Irrigation on Water Resources and the Environment
- 1.05: Irrigation Management Concepts
- 1.06: Summary
- 1.07: Questions
- 1.08: References
- 02: Soil Water
- 2.01: Introduction
- 2.02: Soil Composition
- 2.03: Soil Water Content
- 2.04: Soil Water Potential
- 2.05: Available Water and the Soil Water Reservoir
- 2.06: Determining Available Water Capacity
- 2.07: Tabulated Values of Typical Soil Properties
- 2.08: Infiltration
- 2.09: Storage of Infiltrated Water
- 2.10: Measuring Soil Water Content and Matric Potential
- 2.10.01: Gravimetric Method
- 2.10.02: Feel and Appearance
- 2.10.03: Neutron Scattering
- 2.10.04: Time Domain Reflectometry
- 2.10.05: Capacitance Probes
- 2.10.06: Tensiometers
- 2.10.07: Electrical Resistance Blocks and Granular Matrix Sensors
- 2.10.08: Thermal Dissipation Blocks
- 2.10.09: Placement of Soil Water Sensors
- 2.10.10: Remote Sensing
- 2.11: Summary
- 2.12: Questions
- 2.13: References
- 03: Measuring Water Applications
- 3.01: Introduction
- 3.02: Basic Principles of Flow Measurement
- 3.03: Flow Measurement in Pipelines
- 3.3.01: Mechanical Meters
- 3.3.02: Pressure Differential Methods
- 3.3.03: Ultrasonic Measurement
- 3.3.04: Magnetic Flowmeters
- 3.04: Flow Measurement in Open Channels
- 3.4.01: Velocity Methods
- 3.4.02: Pressure Differential Methods
- 3.05: Summary
- 3.06: Questions
- 3.07: References
- 04: Plant Water Use
- 4.01: Introduction
- 4.02: Water Use Processes
- 4.03: Measurement of Evapotranspiration
- 4.04: Calculating ET
- 4.05: Reference Crop ET
- 4.06: Crop Coefficients
- 4.6.01: Basal Crop Coefficients
- 4.6.02: Water Stress Effects
- 4.6.03: Wet Soil Evaporation
- 4.6.04: Methods to Describe Canopy Development
- 4.07: Intercropping
- 4.08: Accessing Climatic Information
- 4.09: Summary
- 4.10: Questions
- 4.11: References
- 05: Irrigation System Performance
- 5.01: Introduction
- 5.02: Types of Systems
- 5.2.01: Sprinkler Irrigation
- 5.2.02: Surface Irrigation
- 5.2.03: Microirrigation
- 5.03: Performance Measures
- 5.3.01: Efficiency
- 5.3.02: Application Uniformity
- 5.3.03: Adequacy of Irrigation
- 5.3.04: Application of Efficiency of the Low Quarter
- 5.3.05: The Scheduling Coefficient
- 5.3.06: Chemical Leaching Losses
- 5.3.07: Conveyance Efficiency
- 5.04: System Evaluation
- 5.05: Irrigation System Capacity
- 5.06: Determining System Capacity Requirements
- 5.07: Operational Factors
- 5.08: System Characteristics
- 5.09: Safety with Irrigation Systems
- 5.10: Irrigation Efficiency and Water Resources Sustainability
- 5.11: Summary
- 5.12: Questions
- 5.13: References
- 06: Irrigation Scheduling
- 6.01: Introduction
- 6.02: Plant Response to ET and Soil Water
- 6.03: Capacity of the Soil Water Reservoir
- 6.3.01: Plant Root Zone
- 6.04: Irrigation Scheduling for Soil Water Maintenance
- 6.4.01: Checkbook Accounting Method
- 6.4.02: Simplified Checkbook Method
- 6.4.03: Soil Water Measurement Method
- 6.05: Scheduling Using Plant Status Indicators
- 6.5.01: Leaf Water Potential
- 6.5.02: Plant Canopy Temperature
- 6.5.03: Other Plant Status Indicators
- 6.5.04: Stage of Plant Development
- 6.06: Variable Rate Irrigation Management
- 6.07: Summary
- 6.08: Questions
- 6.09: References
- 07: Salinity Management
- 7.01: Introduction
- 7.02: Origin of Salt in Soils
- 7.03: Measurement of Salinity
- 7.04: Crop Salt Tolerance
- 7.05: Sodicity
- 7.06: Toxicity
- 7.07: Leaching
- 7.08: Reclamation
- 7.8.01: Saline Soils
- 7.8.02: Sodic Soils
- 7.09: Salinity and the Environment
- 7.10: Summary
- 7.11: Questions
- 7.12: References
- 08: Pump and Pipeline Hydraulics
- 8.01: Introduction
- 8.02: Basic Hydraulics
- 8.03: Pressure Loss
- 8.3.01: Computing Losses Due to Friction
- 8.3.02: Minor Losses Due to Pipeline Fittings
- 8.04: Pipelines
- 8.05: Pumps
- 8.06: Power Requirements
- 8.07: Energy Consumption
- 8.08: Summary
- 8.09: Questions
- 8.10: References
- 09: Water Supply Systems
- 9.01: Introduction
- 9.02: Water Rights and Laws
- 9.03: Aquifers
- 9.04: Groundwater Supplies
- 9.4.01: Shallow Wells
- 9.4.02: Tube or Cased Wells
- 9.4.03: Deep Wells and Well Hydraulics
- 9.4.04: Well Construction
- 9.05: Surface Water Supplies
- 9.06: Surface Water-Groundwater Interaction
- 9.07: Reclaimed Water Supplies
- 9.08: Summary
- 9.09: Questions
- 9.10: References
- 10: Surface Irrigation
- 10.01: Introduction
- 10.02: Advance Recession and Infiltration
- 10.03: Water Balance
- 10.04: Efficiency
- 10.05: Management of Sloping Furrow Irrigation Systems
- 10.06: Basin and Border Irrigation
- 10.07: Runoff Recovery
- 10.08: Surge Flow Irrigation
- 10.09: Summary
- 10.10: Questions
- 10.11: References
- 11: Sprinklers
- 11.01: Introduction
- 11.02: System Components
- 11.03: Sprinkler Performance
- 11.04: Lateral Design
- 11.05: Maximum Lateral Inflow
- 11.06: Sprinkler System Design
- 11.07: Frost Protection
- 11.08: Summary
- 11.09: Questions
- 11.10: References
- 12: Moved-Lateral Gun and Traveler Sprinkler Systems
- 12.01: Introduction
- 12.02: Periodically Moved Laterals
- 12.2.01: Types of Systems
- 12.2.02: Operational Chacteristics
- 12.2.03: Management Plan
- 12.2.04: Pressure Distribution
- 12.2.05: Uniformity Issues
- 12.2.06: Uniformity Evaluation
- 12.03: Solid-Set Systems
- 12.3.01: System Design
- 12.3.02: Management Problems
- 12.04: Guns
- 12.05: Travelers
- 12.5.01: Gun Performance
- 12.5.02: Field Layout
- 12.5.03: Operational Characteristics
- 12.5.04: Management
- 12.5.05: Other Issues
- 12.06: Summary
- 12.07: Questions
- 12.08: References
- 13: Center Pivots and Lateral Moves
- 13.01: Introduction
- 13.02: Center Pivot Characteristics
- 13.03: Application Rate
- 13.04: Sprinkler and Nozzle Selection
- 13.05: Depth of Water Applied
- 13.06: Remote Monitoring of System Operation and Control
- 13.07: Variable Rate Irrigation
- 13.08: Community Shared Center Pivot Systems
- 13.09: Summary
- 13.10: Questions
- 13.11: References
- 14: Microirrigation
- 14.01: Introduction
- 14.02: History and Impact
- 14.03: System Types
- 14.04: System Components
- 14.4.01: Control Station
- 14.4.02: Mainline and Manifolds
- 14.4.03: Laterals
- 14.4.04: Water Applicators
- 14.05: Preventing Clogs
- 14.5.01: Filtration
- 14.5.02: Precipitation of Dissolved Solids
- 14.5.03: Organic Materials
- 14.5.04: Flushing and Maintenance
- 14.06: Uniformity
- 14.6.01: Emitter Discharge
- 14.6.02: Discharge Versus Pressure
- 14.6.03: Emission Uniformity
- 14.07: Management
- 14.08: Summary
- 14.09: Questions
- 14.10: References
- 15: Chemigation
- 15.01: Introduction
- 15.02: Chemical Injection Pumps
- 15.03: Backflow Prevention and Other Safety Devices
- 15.04: Management of Chemigation Systems
- 15.4.01: Injection Rates and Calibration of Injection Devices
- 15.4.02: Flushing the Injection and Irrigation System
- 15.05: Summary
- 15.06: Questions
- 15.07: References