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Giáo trình, tài liệu tham khảo và tài nguyên học tập mở.

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Geographic Information Systems and Cartography
Adam Dastrup · Salt Lake Community College
Introduction to Geographic Information Systems, including Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Global Positioning Systems (GPS), cartography, remote sensing, and spatial analysis. Readers will learn how to utilize geospatial technology to address social and environmental issues. This course is designed to be used as a stand-alone course to complement other disciplines or as an entry-level course in a geospatial program.

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GIS Commons: An Introductory Textbook on Geographic Information Systems
Michael Schmandt · Sacramento State University
This e-text focuses primarily on Geographic Information Systems (GIS)—a geospatial technology that enables you to create spatial databases, analyze spatial patterns, and produce maps that communicate more effectively. While this GIS textbook is principally an introduction to GIS, most of the chapter’s concepts are applicable to other geotechnologies including remote sensing, global positioning systems (GPS), Internet mapping, and virtual globes.

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Essentials of Geographic Information Systems
LibreTexts · LibreTexts
This text integrates key concepts behind the technology with practical concerns and real-world applications. Recognizing that many potential GIS users are nonspecialists or may only need a few maps, this book is designed to be accessible, pragmatic, and concise. The text also illustrates how GIS is used to ask questions, inform choices, and guide policy.

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Oceans of Data
Tasha Gownaris · Gettysburg College
This introductory oceanography book explores the oceans as interconnected geological, chemical, physical, and biological systems. Topics include plate tectonics, ocean sediments, seawater properties, climate and circulation, carbon cycling, ocean acidification, El Niño, and marine productivity, showing how ocean processes shape Earth’s climate, ecosystems, and environment.