Nguồn ngoài

Economics

Economics is the systematic study of how individuals, businesses, and societies make choices in the face of scarcity. This textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles, theories, and applications of economics, combining both microeconomic and macroeconomic perspectives to give students a full understanding of economic behavior and outcomes.

Economics Social Sciences

Tác giả: Boundless
Nhà xuất bản: Boundless
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Giấy phép: CC BY-SA
Ngôn ngữ: EN
Danh mục: Kinh tế

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Mục lục· 138 mục

01: Principles of Economics
1.01: The Study of Economics
1.02: Individual Decision Making
1.03: Interaction of Individuals Firms and Societies
1.04: Basic Economic Questions
1.05: Economic Models
1.06: Differences Between Macroeconomics and Microeconomics
02: The Market System
2.01: Introducing the Market System
03: Introducing Supply and Demand
3.01: Demand
3.02: Supply
3.03: Market Equilibrium
3.04: Government Intervention and Disequilibrium
04: Economic Surplus
4.01: Consumer Surplus
4.02: Producer Surplus
05: Consumer Choice and Utility
5.01: The Demand Curve and Utility
5.02: Theory of Consumer Choice
06: Elasticity and its Implications
6.01: Price Elasticity of Demand
6.02: Other Demand Elasticities
6.03: Price Elasticity of Supply
07: Market Failure- Externalities
7.01: Introducing Market Failure
7.02: Externalities in Depth
7.03: Government Policy Options
7.04: Private Solutions
08: Market Failure- Public Goods and Common Resources
8.01: Public Goods
8.02: Common Resources
09: Production
9.01: The Production Function
9.02: Production Cost
9.03: Economic Profit
10: Competitive Markets
10.01: Perfect Competition
10.02: Production Decisions in Perfect Competition
10.03: Long-Run Outcomes
11: Monopoly
11.01: Introduction to Monopoly
11.02: Barriers to Entry- Reasons for Monopolies to Exist
11.03: Monopoly Production and Pricing Decisions and Profit Outcome
11.04: Impacts of Monopoly on Efficiency
11.05: Price Discrimination
11.06: Monopoly in Public Policy
12: Monopolistic Competition
12.01: Monopolistic Competition
13: Oligopoly
13.01: Prerequisites of Oligopoly
13.02: Oligopoly in Practice
14: Inputs to Production- Labor Natural Resources and Technology
14.01: Demand for Labor
14.02: Labor Market Equilibrium and Wage Determinants
14.03: Income Distribution
14.04: Capital and Natural Resource Markets
14.05: Capital Productivity and Technology
15: Challenges to Efficient Outcomes
15.01: Sources of Inefficiency
16: Taxes and Public Finance
16.01: Introduction to Taxes What Taxes Do
16.02: Deploying and Measuring Taxes
16.03: Progressive Proportional and Regressive Taxes
16.04: Taxation in the United States
16.05: Personal Property and Sales Taxes
17: Income Inequality and Poverty
17.01: Defining and Measuring Inequality Mobility and Poverty
17.02: Policies for Reducing Poverty
18: Introduction to Macroeconomics
18.01: Key Topics in Macroeconomics
19: Measuring Output and Income
19.01: Measuring Output Using GDP
19.02: Other Measures of Output
19.03: Comparing Real and Nominal GDP
19.04: Cost of Living
20: Economic Growth
20.01: Comparing Economies
20.02: Assessing Growth
20.03: Productivity
20.04: Long-Run Growth
20.05: The Impact of Policy on Growth
21: Inflation
21.01: Defining Measuring and Assessing Inflation
22: Unemployment
22.01: Introduction to Unemployment
22.02: Measuring Unemployment
22.03: Understanding Unemployment
23: Inflation and Unemployment
23.01: The Relationship Between Inflation and Unemployment
24: Aggregate Demand and Supply
24.01: Introducing Aggregate Expenditure
24.02: Introducing Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
24.03: Aggregate Demand
24.04: Aggregate Supply
24.05: The Aggregate Demand-Supply Model
25: Major Macroeconomic Theories
25.01: Major Theories in Macroeconomics
26: Fiscal Policy
26.01: Introduction to Fiscal Policy
26.02: Evaluating Fiscal Policy
27: The Monetary System
27.01: Introducing Money
27.02: Introducing the Federal Reserve
27.03: Creating Money
28: Monetary Policy
28.01: Introduction to Monetary Policy
28.02: Monetary Policy Tools
28.03: Impacts of Federal Reserve Policies
28.04: Historical Federal Reserve Policies
29: The Financial System
29.01: Introducing the Financial System
29.02: Tools of Finance
30: Current Topics in Macroeconomics
30.01: Questions for Debate
31: International Trade
31.01: Introduction to International Trade
31.02: Gains from Trade
31.03: The United States in the Global Economy
31.04: Barriers to Trade
31.05: Arguments for and Against Protectionist Policy
32: Open Economy Macroeconomics
32.01: Capital Flows
32.02: Exchange Rates
32.03: Equilibrium
33: Economic Crises
33.01: Fundamentals of Banking Crises
33.02: Economic Crises
34: Interest and Profit
34.01: Interest
35: Health Care Economics
35.01: Introducing Health Care Economics
36: Natural Resource Economics
36.01: Introduction to Natural Resource Economics
37: Agriculture Economics
37.01: Introduction to the Agriculture Economics
38: Immigration Economics
38.01: Introduction to Immigration Economics