Nguồn ngoài

Heat and Thermodynamics

This textbook presents a rigorous introduction to classical thermodynamics, covering temperature, heat, gases, and thermodynamic processes. It develops the laws of thermodynamics, entropy, enthalpy, and free energies, applying them to phase changes, heat engines, chemical equilibrium, and real experiments, while linking theory to experimental measurement and applications.

Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics Physics

Tác giả: Jeremy Tatum
Nhà xuất bản: University of Victoria
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Giấy phép: CC BY-NC
Ngôn ngữ: EN
Danh mục: Khoa học cơ bản

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Mục lục· 123 mục

01: Introductory Remarks
1.01: Introduction
1.02: Caloric Calories Heat and Energy
1.03: Extensive and Intensive Quantities
1.04: Mole
1.05: Prepositions
1.06: Applicability of Equations
02: Partial Derivatives
2.01: Introduction
2.02: Partial Derivatives
2.03: Implicit Differentiation
2.04: Product of Three Partial Derivatives
2.05: Second Derivatives and Exact Differentials
2.06: Euler's Theorem for Homogeneous Functions
2.07: Undetermined Multipliers
2.08: Dee and Delta
03: Temperature
3.01: Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
3.02: Temperature Scales I
3.03: Temperature Scales II
04: Thermal Conduction
4.01: Error Function
4.02: Introduction
4.03: Thermal Conductivity
4.04: The Heat Conduction Equation
4.05: A Solution of the Heat Conduction Equation
05: Thermodynamic Processes
06: Properties of Gases
6.01: The Ideal Gas Equation
6.02: Real Gases
6.03: Van der Waals and Other Gases
6.04: Gas Vapour Liquid and Solid
6.05: Kinetic Theory of Gases- Pressure
6.06: Collisions
6.07: Distribution of Speeds
6.08: Forces Between Molecules
07: The First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics
7.01: The First Law of Thermodynamics and Internal Energy
7.02: Work
7.03: Entropy
7.04: The Second Law of Thermodynamics
08: Heat Capacity and the Expansion of Gases
8.01: Heat Capacity
8.02: Ratio of the Heat Capacities of a Gas
8.03: Isothermal Expansion of an Ideal Gas
8.04: Reversible Adiabatic Expansion of an Ideal Gas
8.05: The Clement-Desormes Experiment
8.06: The Slopes of Isotherms and Adiabats
8.07: Scale Height in an Isothermal Atmosphere
8.08: Adiabatic Lapse Rate
8.09: Numerical Values of Specific and Molar Heat Capacities
8.10: Heat Capacities of Solids
09: Enthalpy
9.01: Enthalpy
9.02: Change of State
9.03: Latent Heat and Enthalpy
10: The Joule and Joule-Thomson Experiments
10.01: Introduction
10.02: The Joule Experiment
10.03: The Joule-Thomson Experiment
10.04: CP Minus CV
10.05: Blackbody Radiation
11: Heat Engines
11.01: Introduction
11.02: The Carnot Cycle
11.03: The Stirling Cycle
11.04: The Otto Cycle
11.05: The Diesel Cycle
11.06: The Rankine Cycle (Steam Engine)
11.07: A Useful Exercise
11.08: Heat Engines and Refrigerators
11.09: Entropy is a Function of State
12: Free Energy
12.01: Review of Internal Energy and Enthalpy
12.02: Free Energy
12.03: Helmholtz Free Energy
12.04: Gibbs Free Energy
12.05: Summary the Maxwell Relations and the Gibbs-Helmholtz Relations
12.06: The Joule and Joule-Thomson Coefficients
12.07: The Thermodynamic Functions for an Ideal Gas
12.08: The Thermodynamic Functions for Other Substances
12.09: Absolute Entropy
12.10: Charging a Battery
12.11: Surface Energy
12.12: Fugacity
13: Expansion Compression and the TdS Equations
13.01: Coefficient of Expansion
13.02: Compression
13.03: Pressure and Temperature
13.04: The TdS Equations
13.05: Expansion Compression and the TdS Equations
13.06: Young's Modulus
13.07: Rigidity Modulus (Shear Modulus)
13.08: Volume Temperature and the Gruneisen Parameter
14: The Clausius-Clapeyron Equation
15: Adiabatic Demagnetization
15.01: Introduction
15.02: Adiabatic Decompression
15.03: Adiabatic Demagnetization
15.04: Entropy and Temperature
16: Nernst's Heat Theorem and the Third Law of Thermodynamics
16.01: Nernst's Heat Theorem
16.02: The Third Law of Thermodynamics
17: Chemical Thermodynamics
17.01: Equilibrium Constant
17.02: Heat of Reaction
17.03: The Gibbs Phase Rule
17.04: Chemical Potential
17.05: Partial and Mean Molar Quantities
17.06: The Gibbs-Duhem Relation
17.07: Chemical Potential Pressure Fugacity
17.08: Entropy of Mixing and Gibbs' Paradox
17.09: Binary Alloys
17.10: Ternary Alloys
18: Experimental Measurements
18.01: Introduction
18.02: Thermal Conductivity
18.03: The Universal Gas Constant
18.04: Avogadro's Number and Boltzmann's Constant
18.05: Specific Heat Capacities of Solids and Liquids
18.06: Specific Heat Capacities of Gases
18.07: Latent Heat of Fusion
18.08: Coefficient of Expansion