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Living With Earthquakes in The Pacific Northwest

Nguồn ngoài

Living With Earthquakes in The Pacific Northwest

In this expanded new edition of Living with Earthquakes, Robert Yeats, a leading authority on earthquakes in California and the Pacific Northwest, describes the threat posed by the Cascadia Subduction Zone, a great earthquake fault which runs for hundreds of miles offshore from British Columbia to northern California. New research reveals subtle movements on the deepest part of this fault every 14-15 months — building up strain toward the next major earthquake.

SeismologyGeosciences
Tác giả
Robert S. Yeats
Nhà xuất bản
Oregon State University
Nguồn
LibreTexts
Giấy phép
CC BY-NC-SA
Ngôn ngữ
EN
Danh mục
Khoa học cơ bản
Đọc trực tuyến Tải PDF (nguồn mở)
Mục lục· 174 mục
  1. 01: Introduction
  2. 02: Part II- Tectonic Plates Geologic Time and Earthquakes
  3. 2.01: A Concept of Time
  4. 2.02: Plate Tectonics
  5. 2.03: Earthquakes in the Crust- Closer to Home
  6. 2.04: Memories of the Future- The Uncertain Art of Earthquake Forecasting
  7. 2.05: Earthquake Basics
  8. 2.06: Cascadia Subduction Zone
  9. 2.07: Earthquakes in the Juan de Fuca Plate
  10. 03: Part III- Shaky Ground and Big Waves
  11. 3.01: Solid Rock and Bowls of Jello
  12. 3.02: Tsunami!
  13. 04: Part IV- Prevention and Countermeasures
  14. 4.01: Earthquake Insurance- Betting Against Earthquakes
  15. 4.02: Is Your Home Ready for an Earthquake?
  16. 4.03: Earthquake Design of Large Structures
  17. 4.04: The Federal Government and Earthquakes
  18. 4.05: The Role of State and Local Government
  19. 4.06: Preparing for the Next Earthquake
  20. 4.07: An Uncertain Appointment with a Restless Earth
  21. 05: Tectonic Plates Geologic Time and Earthquakes
  22. 5.01: A Concept of Time
  23. 5.1.01: Timeline of the Earth
  24. 5.02: Plate Tectonics
  25. 5.2.01: The Earth’s Crust; Not Very Well Designed
  26. 5.2.02: Continents and Ocean Basins
  27. 5.2.03: The Dance of the Plates; We Know the Beat but Not the Tune
  28. 5.2.04: A Brief Thirty-Million-Year History of Western North America
  29. 5.03: Earthquake Basics
  30. 5.3.01: Introduction
  31. 5.3.02: Elastic Rocks; How They Bend and Break
  32. 5.3.03: A Classification of Faults
  33. 5.3.04: Paleoseismology, the Slip Rates and Earthquake Recurrence Intervals
  34. 5.3.05: What Happens During an Earthquake?
  35. 5.3.06: Measuring an Earthquake
  36. 5.3.07: Measuring Crustal Deformation Directly Using Tectonic Geodesy
  37. 5.3.08: Summary
  38. 5.3.09: Cascadia Earthquake Sources
  39. 5.04: Cascadia Subduction Zone
  40. 5.4.01: Discoveries Beneath the Sea
  41. 5.4.02: Earthquakes in the Estuaries
  42. 5.4.03: The Bad News
  43. 5.4.04: Instant of Catastrophe or Decade of Terror?
  44. 5.4.05: A Japanese Tsunami from Cascadia; A Detective Story
  45. 5.4.06: Native Americans Were Making Observations, After All
  46. 5.4.07: M 8 or M 9? Where Do We Stand?
  47. 5.4.08: Northern California; It’s Not the Same South of the Border
  48. 5.4.09: Recurrence Intervals and the Next Subduction Zone Earthquake
  49. 5.4.10: Subduction-Zone Earthquakes That Don’t Quake
  50. 5.4.11: Summary
  51. 5.05: Earthquakes in the Juan de Fuca Plate
  52. 5.5.01: Commotion in the Ocean
  53. 5.5.02: Offshore Transform Faults; The Northwest’s Answer to the San Andreas Fault
  54. 5.5.03: Slab Earthquakes in the Juan de Fuca Plate Beneath the Continent in the Puget Sound Region
  55. 5.5.04: Northern California
  56. 5.5.05: Discussion and Summary
  57. 5.06: Earthquakes in the Crust that are Closer to Home
  58. 5.6.01: Introduction
  59. 5.6.02: Drowned Forests, Raised Shorelines, and the Seattle Fault
  60. 5.6.03: Other Active Faults in the Puget Sound Region
  61. 5.6.04: Earthquakes and Cascade Volcanoes
  62. 5.6.05: The Portland Hills Fault
  63. 5.6.06: Earthquakes at the End of the Oregon Trail (Willamette Valley)
  64. 5.6.07: Southwest British Columbia
  65. 5.6.08: Eastern Washington and Northeastern Oregon
  66. 5.6.09: The Pasco Basin- Nuclear Wastes and Earthquakes
  67. 5.6.10: Basin and Range (The Klamath Falls Earthquakes of 1993)
  68. 5.6.11: Pacific Coast and Offshore
  69. 5.6.12: Summary
  70. 5.07: Memories of the Future; The Uncertain Art of Earthquake Forecasting
  71. 5.7.01: A Mix of Science and Astrology
  72. 5.7.02: Earthquake Forecasting by Scientists
  73. 5.7.03: Forecasts Instead of Predictions (The Parkfield Experiment)
  74. 5.7.04: The Seismic Gap Theory
  75. 5.7.05: Have the Chinese Found the Way to Predict Earthquakes?
  76. 5.7.06: A Strange Experience in Greece
  77. 5.7.07: Reducing Our Expectations (Forecasts Rather Than Predictions)
  78. 5.7.08: The Deterministic Method
  79. 5.7.09: Probabilistic Forecasting
  80. 5.7.10: Do Faults Talk To Each Other? (Earthquakes Triggered By Other Earthquakes)
  81. 5.7.11: Forecasting the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake—Close But No Cigar
  82. 5.7.12: The 1990 Probability Forecast
  83. 5.7.13: The 1999 Bay Area Forecast
  84. 5.7.14: “Predicting” an Earthquake After It Happens
  85. 5.7.15: What Lies Ahead
  86. 5.7.16: Why Do We Bother With All This?
  87. 06: Shaky Ground and Big Waves
  88. 6.01: Solid Rock and Bowls of Jello
  89. 6.1.01: Introduction
  90. 6.1.02: Amplification of Seismic Waves by Soft Surficial Deposits
  91. 6.1.03: When the Earth Turns to Soup (Liquefaction)
  92. 6.1.04: Landslides Generated by Earthquakes
  93. 6.1.05: Earthquake Hazard Maps of Metropolitan Areas
  94. 6.02: Tsunami
  95. 6.2.01: The Easter Weekend Tsunami of 1964
  96. 6.2.02: Other Tsunamis in the Pacific Northwest
  97. 6.2.03: Some Facts about Tsunamis
  98. 6.2.04: Tsunami Sounds
  99. 6.2.05: Tsunami Warning Systems
  100. 6.2.06: Tsunami Hazard Maps
  101. 6.2.07: Seiches
  102. 07: Prevention and Countermeasures
  103. 7.01: Earthquake Insurance (Betting Against Earthquakes)
  104. 7.1.01: Some Philosophical Issues
  105. 7.1.02: A Brief Primer on Insurance
  106. 7.1.03: Catastrophe Insurance
  107. 7.1.04: Government Intervention
  108. 7.1.05: The Nisqually Earthquake
  109. 7.1.06: What to Do if You Have an Earthquake Claim
  110. 7.1.07: Summary Statement and Questions for the Future
  111. 7.02: Is Your Home Ready for an Earthquake?
  112. 7.2.01: How Safe is Safe Enough?
  113. 7.2.02: Some Fundamentals—Inertia, Loads, and Ductility
  114. 7.2.03: Protecting Your Foundation
  115. 7.2.04: Soft-story Buildings
  116. 7.2.05: Utility Lines
  117. 7.2.06: Strapping the Water Heater and Other Heavy Appliances and Furniture
  118. 7.2.07: Safety Glasses
  119. 7.2.08: Cabinets
  120. 7.2.09: Bricks, Stonework, and Other Time Bombs
  121. 7.2.10: Propane Tanks
  122. 7.2.11: Connections
  123. 7.2.12: Mobile Homes and Manufactured Houses
  124. 7.2.13: Okay, So What Retrofitting Are You Really Going to Do?
  125. 7.03: Earthquake Design of Large Structures
  126. 7.3.01: Introduction
  127. 7.3.02: Seismic Retrofitting
  128. 7.3.03: Base Isolation
  129. 7.3.04: Special Problems
  130. 7.3.05: Bridges and Overpasses
  131. 7.3.06: Engineering Against Ground Displacement
  132. 7.3.07: Decisions, Decisions, and Triage
  133. 7.04: The Federal Government and Earthquakes
  134. 7.4.01: Introduction
  135. 7.4.02: Historical Background
  136. 7.4.03: The National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP)
  137. 7.4.04: Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
  138. 7.4.05: U.S. Geological Survey
  139. 7.4.06: National Science Foundation (NSF)
  140. 7.4.07: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
  141. 7.4.08: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
  142. 7.4.09: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
  143. 7.4.10: Other Federal Agencies
  144. 7.4.11: The Pacific Northwest Seismograph Network
  145. 7.4.12: Role of the Canadian Government
  146. 7.4.13: Getting the Word Out to the Public
  147. 7.4.14: Summary and a Word about the Future
  148. 7.05: The Role of State and Local Government
  149. 7.5.01: Introduction
  150. 7.5.02: California
  151. 7.5.03: Oregon
  152. 7.5.04: Washington
  153. 7.5.05: British Columbia
  154. 7.5.06: Building Codes
  155. 7.5.07: Grading Ordinances and Regulation of Building Sites
  156. 7.5.08: Other State Agencies
  157. 7.5.09: Universities
  158. 7.5.10: Regional Organizations
  159. 7.5.11: A Final Word
  160. 7.06: Preparing for the Next Earthquake
  161. 7.6.01: Introduction
  162. 7.6.02: Getting Your Home Ready
  163. 7.6.03: Earthquake Preparedness Kit
  164. 7.6.04: Other Preparations
  165. 7.6.05: Neighborhood Plan
  166. 7.6.06: Your Child’s School and Other Buildings You Use
  167. 7.6.07: During the Earthquake
  168. 7.6.08: After the Earthquake
  169. 7.6.09: Aftershocks or a Foreshock?
  170. 7.6.10: Special Problems with Tsunamis
  171. 7.6.11: Psychological Issues
  172. 7.6.12: Leaders in Earthquake Mitigation; Are You Ready To Step Forward?
  173. 7.07: An Uncertain Appointment with a Restless Earth
  174. 7.7.01: Conclusion