
Nguồn ngoài
Cells: Molecules and Mechanisms
This textbook was written for collegiate Cell and Molecular Biology courses and may be appropriate at both an introductory level and also as a resource for more advanced courses.
- Tác giả
- E. V. Wong
- Nhà xuất bản
- Axolotl Academica Publishing
- Nguồn
- LibreTexts
- Giấy phép
- CC BY-NC-SA
- Ngôn ngữ
- EN
- Danh mục
- Khoa học cơ bản
Mục lục· 159 mục
- 01: Understanding Science and Thinking Scientifically
- 1.01: The Interconnectedness of Science
- 1.02: Models Hypotheses and Theories
- 1.03: Science is Social
- 1.04: Teaching and Learning Science
- 1.05: Understanding Scientific Ideas
- 02: Basic Cell Chemistry - Chemical Compounds and their Interactions
- 2.01: Water
- 2.02: Acids and Bases
- 2.03: Carbon
- 2.04: Sugars
- 2.05: Nucleotides
- 2.06: Amino Acids
- 2.07: Fatty Acids
- 2.7.01: Functional Groups
- 03: Functional Groups
- 04: Molecular Interactions Thermodynamics and Reaction Coupling
- 4.01: A very little thermodynamics
- 4.02: Reactions- favorable unfavorable and their dynamics
- 4.03: Thinking entropically (and thermodynamically)
- 4.04: Reaction rates
- 4.05: Coupling Reactions
- 4.06: Molecules London Dispersion Forces and van der Waals interactions
- 4.07: Covalent bonds
- 4.08: Bond Stability and Thermal Motion (a non-biological moment)
- 4.09: Bond polarity inter- and intramolecular interactions
- 4.10: The implications of bond polarity
- 4.11: Interacting with Water
- 4.12: Anatomy of a Cell - A Very Brief Overview
- 05: Bioenergetics - Thermodynamics and Enzymes
- 5.01: The Laws of Thermodynamics
- 5.02: Enzymes
- 5.03: Enzyme Kinetics
- 5.04: Regulation of Enzyme Activity
- 5.05: Peptide Bonds Polypeptides and Proteins
- 5.5.01: Polypeptide and protein structure basics
- 5.5.02: Amino acid polymers
- 5.5.03: Making a polypeptide in a bacterial cell
- 5.5.04: The origin of the genetic code
- 5.5.05: Regulating protein activity
- 5.5.06: Allosteric regulation
- 5.5.07: Post-translational regulation
- 5.5.08: Diseases of folding and misfolding
- 5.5.09: Why do harmful alleles persist
- 06: Protein Modification and Trafficking
- 6.01: Proteolytic Cleavage
- 6.02: Protein Trafficking
- 6.03: Protein Folding in the Endoplasmic Reticulum
- 6.04: N-linked Protein Glycosylation Begins in the ER
- 6.05: O-linked Protein Glycosylation Takes Place Entirely in the Golgi
- 6.06: Vesicular Transport
- 6.07: Receptor-mediated Endocytosis
- 07: Membrane Boundaries and Capturing Energy
- 7.01: Defining the Cells Boundary
- 7.02: The origin of biological membranes
- 7.03: Membranes - Structure Properties and Function
- 7.3.01: Membrane Structure and Composition
- 7.3.02: Membrane Permeability
- 7.3.03: Membrane Transport Proteins
- 7.3.04: The Action Potential in Neurons
- 7.04: Transport to and across the membrane
- 7.05: Cytoskeleton
- 7.5.01: Introduction to the Cytoskeleton
- 7.5.02: Intermediate Filaments
- 7.5.03: Actin Microfilaments
- 7.5.04: Microtubules
- 7.5.05: Microtubule Organizing Centers
- 7.5.06: Transport on the Cytoskeleton
- 7.5.07: Actin - Myosin Structures in Muscle
- 7.5.08: Cytoskeletal Dynamics
- 7.5.09: Cell Motility
- 7.5.10: Extracellular Matrix and Cell Adhesion
- 7.5.10.01: Introduction to Extracellular Matrix and Cell Adhesion
- 7.5.10.02: Collagen
- 7.5.10.03: Proteoglycans
- 7.5.10.04: Fibronectins
- 7.5.10.05: Laminins
- 7.5.10.06: Integrins
- 7.5.10.07: Hemidesmosomes
- 7.5.10.08: Dystrophin Glycoprotein Complex
- 7.5.10.09: Desmosomes
- 7.5.10.10: Cadherins
- 7.5.10.11: Tight Junctions
- 7.5.10.12: Ig Superfamily CAMs
- 7.5.10.13: Gap Junctions
- 7.06: Metabolism I Catabolic Reactions
- 7.6.01: Generating gradients- using coupled reactions and pumps
- 7.6.02: Using the energy stored in membrane gradients
- 7.6.03: Chemotrophs
- 7.6.04: Glycolysis
- 7.6.05: Fermentation
- 7.6.06: 5.3 The TCA Cycle
- 7.6.07: Oxidative Phosphorylation
- 7.6.08: Uncoupling Electron Transport from ATP Synthesis
- 7.6.09: Structure of Electron Carriers
- 7.6.10: 5.7 Starch and Glycogen Depolymerization
- 7.6.11: 5.8 Fatty Acid Breakdown
- 7.6.12: Amino Acid Degradation
- 08: Metabolism II Anabolic Reactions
- 8.01: Simple Phototrophs
- 8.02: Chemo-osmosis (an overview)
- 8.03: Oxygenic Photosynthesis
- 8.04: Photosynthesis
- 8.05: The Calvin Cycle
- 8.06: The Pentose Phosphate Pathway
- 8.07: Gluconeogenesis
- 8.08: Glycogen Synthesis
- 8.09: Fatty Acid Synthesis
- 8.10: Amino Acid Synthesis
- 09: Signal Transduction
- 9.01: Introduction to Signal Transduction
- 9.02: Receptors and Ligands
- 9.03: 7-TM receptors (G-protein-coupled)
- 9.04: Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
- 9.05: Calcium Ion Signaling
- 10: DNA
- 10.01: DNA Structure
- 10.02: Semi-Conservative DNA Replication
- 10.03: Prokaryotic Replication
- 10.04: Eukaryotic Replication
- 10.05: DNA Lesions
- 10.06: DNA Repair
- 10.07: Telomeres
- 11: Gene Regulation
- 11.01: Prokaryotic Transcriptional Regulation
- 11.02: Eukaryotic Transcriptional Regulation
- 12: Transcription
- 12.01: Introduction to Transcription
- 12.02: Prokaryotic Transcription
- 12.03: Eukaryotic Transcription
- 12.04: Post-Transcriptional Processing of RNA
- 13: Translation
- 13.01: Introduction to Ribosomes
- 13.02: Prokaryotic Ribosomes
- 13.03: Eukaryotic Ribosomes
- 13.04: The Genetic Code
- 13.05: tRNA are Rather Odd Ducks
- 13.06: Prokaryotic Translation
- 13.07: Eukaryotic Translation
- 13.08: Regulation of Translation
- 14: Cell Cycle
- 14.01: The Prokaryotic Cell Cycle
- 14.02: The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle
- 14.03: Controlling the Cell Cycle
- 14.04: Activation and inactivation of the cyclin-cdk complex
- 14.05: Pre-mitotic Phases
- 14.06: Mitosis
- 14.07: Cell Death
- 14.08: Meiosis
- 15: Viruses Cancer and the Immune System
- 15.01: Viruses
- 15.02: Viral Life Cycles
- 15.03: Cancer
- 15.04: Oncogenes
- 15.05: Tumor Suppressor Genes
- 15.06: Human Cancers
- 15.07: Metastasis
- 15.08: The Immune System
- 15.09: DNA Rearrangement