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General Ecology

This text, authored/curated by Tara Jo Holmberg, covers standard ecological topics from individuals to ecosystems, available through LibreTexts. The text cover topics such as Landscape Ecology and Island Biogeography, including the impact of human activity on ecosystems.

Biology

Tác giả: Tara Jo Holmberg
Nhà xuất bản: CT State Northwestern
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Giấy phép: CC BY-NC-SA
Ngôn ngữ: EN
Danh mục: Khoa học cơ bản

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Mục lục· 147 mục

Chapter 0: The Study of Life and Science
0.1: Themes and Concepts of Biology
0.2: The Nature of Science
0.3: The Role of Science in Society
1.E: The Study of Life (Exercises)
Chapter 1: Introduction to Ecology
1.1: What is Ecology
1.2: History of Ecology
1.3: Subdisciplines of Ecology
1.4: An Overview of Essential Mathematics Used in Science
1.5: Summarizing Data - Descriptive Statistics
1.6: Testing Hypotheses - Inferential Statistics
Chapter 2: The Physical Environment
2.1: Properties of Water
2.2: Water (Hydrologic) Cycle
2.3: Soils
2.4: The Atmosphere
2.5: Earth's Energy Balance
2.6: Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation
2.7: What Makes the Climate Change
2.8: Past Climate Change
Chapter 3: Evolution - History Evidence and Mechanisms
3.01: Understanding Evolution
3.2: Evidence of Evolution
3.2.1: Scientist Spotlight - Ynes Enriquetta Julietta Mexia
3.3: Natural Selection and Adaptive Evolution
3.4: Additional Mechanisms of Evolution
Chapter 4: Adaptations to the Physical Environment
4.1: What is adaptation
4.2: Strategies for dealing with a changing environment
Chapter 5: Terrestrial and Aquatic Communities
5.1: Earth's Biomes
5.1.1: Biogeography
5.1.2: Terrestrial Biomes
5.1.3: Aquatic Biomes
5.1.4: Climate and the Effects of Global Climate Change
Chapter 6: Speciation and Evolution of Populations (Microevolution)
6.1: Species Defined
6.2: Speciation
6.3: Rates of Speciation and Extinction
6.4: Evolution of Genomes
6.5: Evolution in Populations
Chapter 7: The History of Life Systematics and Phylogeny
7.1: Introduction
7.2: Deep Time
7.3: Origins of Life
7.4: Evidence for Early Life
7.5: Eukaryotic Origins
7.6: Systematics and Classification
7.7: Phylogeny and Cladistics
Chapter 8: Life Histories
1: What is life history
1.1: Scientist Spotlight - Erin Satterthwaite
2: Life History Evolution
3: The Evolution of Aging
4: Semelparity versus Iteroparity
Chapter 9: The Ecology of Populations
9.1: What is Population Ecology
9.2: Life Histories and Natural Selection
9.3: Population Demography
9.3.1: Scientist Spotlight - Jessie Isabelle Price
9.3: Population Dynamics and Regulation
9.4: Population Models
9.5: Human Population Growth
Chapter 10: Population modeling
10.1: Prelude - Learning the Math of Population Models
10.2: Demographic rates
10.3: Overview of Population Growth Models
10.3.1: Geometric and Exponential Growth
10.3.1.1: Logistic population growth
10.4: Projecting population growth
10.5: Life Tables
Chapter 11: Behavioral Ecology
11.1: Proximate and Ultimate Causes of Behavior
11.1.1: Scientist Spotlight - Ernest Everett Just
11.2: Foraging Ecology
11.3: Movement Ecology
11.4: Animal Communication
11.5: How Does Social Behavior Evolve
11.6: How Do Social Systems Evolve
Chapter 12: Sex Strategies
12.1: The paradox of sex: sexual versus asexual reproduction
12.2: Sex determination and sex ratios
12.3: Mating systems in sexual animals
12.4: Mating Systems in Plants
12.5: Sexual selection
Chapter 13: The Ecology of Intraspecific Variation
Chapter 14: Introduction to Community Ecology
Scientist Spotlight - Anurag Agrawal
Chapter 15: Competition
15.1: Introduction and Types of Competition
15.2: Intraspecific (Single Species) Competition
15.3: Interspecific (Two Species) Competition
15.4: Ecological Consequences of Competition
15.5: Quantifying Competition Using the Lotka-Volterra Model
15.6: References and Attributions
Chapter 16: Antagonistic Interactions
16.1: Predation
16.2: Quantifying Predator-Prey Dynamics
16.3: Herbivory
16.4: Pathogens
16.5: References and Attributions
Chapter 17: Symbioses
17.1: Introduction to Symbioses
17.1: Parasitism
17.2: Mutualisms
17.4: Maintenance of Mutualisms
17.5: Commensalisms
Chapter 18: Ecological Succession
18.1: Introduction
18.2: What are the Effects of Disturbance
18.3: Patterns of Diversity Following Disturbance
18.4: What causes successional change
18.5: The Role of Consumers and Alternate Stable States
Chapter 19: Food Webs
19.1: Introduction to and Components of Food Webs
19.2: Quantifying Food Webs
19.3: Trophic Cascades
19.4: References and Attributions
Chapter 20: Biogeochemical Cycles
20.1: Introduction to Biogeochemical Cycles
20.2: The Biogeochemical Cycles
20.3: Eutrophication and Dead Zones
Chapter 21: Landscape Ecology and Island Biogeography
21.1: What is Landscape Ecology
21.2: Applications of Landscape Ecology
21.3: Island Biogeography
Chapter 22: Biodiversity
22.1: Introduction to Biodiversity
22.2: Importance of Biodiversity
22.3: The Biodiversity Crisis - HIPPPOC
22.4: Preserving Biodiversity
22.5: Measuring Biodiveristy
22.6: Patterns in Biodiversity
Chapter 23: Conservation Biology
23.1: The Science of Conservation Biology
23.2: Policies
23.3: Species-level Conservation
23.4: Protected Areas
23.5: Ecosystem Restoration
23.6: Economic Influences on Conservation
23.7: Individual Choices
Chapter 24: Human Global Environment
24.1: Introduction to Climate Change
24.2: Anthropogenic Climate Change
24.3: Current and Future Climate Change Impacts
24.4: Climate Strategies