Nguồn ngoài
Chemistry I
- Tác giả
- David Karlin
- Nhà xuất bản
- Williams School
- Nguồn
- LibreTexts
- Giấy phép
- CC BY-NC-SA
- Ngôn ngữ
- EN
- Danh mục
- Khoa học cơ bản
Mục lục· 100 mục
- 01: Essential Ideas of Chemistry
- 1.01: Studying Chemistry
- 1.02: Properties of Matter
- 1.03: Measurements
- 1.04: Measurement Uncertainty Accuracy and Precision
- 1.05: Mathematical Notation and the Factor-Label Method
- 1.06: Mathematical Treatment of Measurement Results
- 1.07: Chemistry in Context
- 1.08: Phases and Classification of Matter
- 1.09: Physical and Chemical Properties
- 02: Atoms Molecules and Ions
- 2.01: Prelude to Molecules and Atoms
- 2.02: Chemical Formulas
- 2.03: Representing Molecules
- 2.04: Chemical Nomenclature
- 2.05: Early Ideas in Atomic Theory
- 2.06: Evolution of Atomic Theory
- 2.07: Atomic Structure and Symbolism
- 2.08: The Periodic Table
- 2.09: Molecular and Ionic Compounds
- 2.E: Atoms Molecules and Ions (Exercises)
- 03: Composition of Substances and Solutions
- 3.01: Formula Mass and the Mole Concept
- 3.02: Applying Formula Mass Avogadro's Number the Mole and Molar Mass
- 3.03: Determining Empirical and Molecular Formulas
- 3.04: Molarity
- 3.05: Other Units for Solution Concentrations
- 3.E: Composition of Substances and Solutions (Exercises)
- 04: Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions
- 4.01: Prelude to Stoichiometry
- 4.02: Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
- 4.03: Classifying Chemical Reactions
- 4.04: Patterns of Chemical Reactions
- 4.05: Reaction Stoichiometry
- 4.06: Reaction Yields
- 4.07: Quantitative Chemical Analysis
- 4.E: Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions (Exercises)
- 05: Electronic Structure and Periodic Properties
- 5.01: The Wave Nature of Light
- 5.02: Electromagnetic Energy
- 5.03: Quantized Energy and Photons
- 5.04: Line Spectra and the Bohr Model
- 5.05: Quantum Theory and Atomic Orbitals
- 5.06: Electronic Structure of Atoms
- 5.07: Periodic Variations in Element Properties
- 5.E: Electronic Structure and Periodic Properties (Exercises)
- 06: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry
- 6.01: Prelude to Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry
- 6.02: Ionic Bonding
- 6.03: Covalent Bonding
- 6.04: Lewis Symbols and Structures
- 6.05: Formal Charges and Resonance
- 6.06: Strengths of Ionic and Covalent Bonds
- 6.07: Molecular Structure and Polarity
- 6.08: Valence Bond Theory
- 6.09: Hybrid Atomic Orbitals
- 6.10: Double and Triple Bonds
- 6.E: Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding (Exercises)
- 6.E: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry (Exercises)
- 6.E: Theories of Covalent Bonding (Exercises)
- 07: Kinetic-Molecular Theory and States of Matter
- 7.01: The Kinetic-Molecular Theory
- 7.02: Gas Pressure
- 7.03: Relating Pressure Volume Amount and Temperature - The Ideal Gas Law
- 7.04: Stoichiometry of Gaseous Substances Mixtures and Reactions
- 7.05: Effusion and Diffusion of Gases
- 7.06: Non-Ideal Gas Behavior
- 7.07: Intermolecular Forces
- 7.08: Properties of Liquids
- 7.09: The Solid State of Matter
- 08: State Changes and Thermodynamics
- 8.01: The Nature of Energy
- 8.02: The First Law of Thermodynamics
- 8.03: Phase Transitions
- 8.04: Phase Diagrams
- 8.05: Spontaneity
- 8.06: Enthalpy
- 8.07: Calorimetry
- 8.08: Entropy
- 8.09: The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics
- 8.10: Gibbs Energy
- 8.E: Thermodynamics (Exercises)
- 09: Acid-Base Chemistry
- 9.01: Brnsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
- 9.02: pH and pOH
- 9.03: Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases
- 9.04: Hydrolysis of Salt Solutions
- 9.05: Polyprotic Acids
- 9.06: Buffers
- 9.07: Acid-Base Titrations
- 9.E: Acid-Base Equilibria (Exercises)
- 10: Appendices
- 10.01: Essential Mathematics
- 10.02: Units and Conversion Factors
- 10.03: Fundamental Physical Constants
- 10.04: Composition of Commercial Acids and Bases
- 10.05: Solubility Products
- 10.06: Standard Thermodynamic Properties for Selected Substances
- 10.07: Water Properties
- 10.08: A.8- The Periodic Table