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Chem 110: Introductory Chemistry

Chemistry

Tác giả: Joshua M. Hanson
Nhà xuất bản: Napa Valley College
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Ngôn ngữ: EN
Danh mục: Khoa học cơ bản

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Mục lục· 130 mục

01: The Chemical World
1.01: Chemicals Compose Ordinary Things
1.02: The Scientific Method - How Chemists Think
1.03: Hypothesis Theories and Laws
1.04: The Scope of Chemistry
1.05: A Beginning Chemist - How to Succeed
02: Measurement and Problem Solving
2.01: Taking Measurements
2.02: The Basic Units of Measurement
2.03: Significant Figures - Writing Numbers to Reflect Precision
2.04: Significant Figures in Calculations
2.05: Scientific Notation - Writing Large and Small Numbers
2.06: Problem Solving and Unit Conversions
2.07: Solving Multi-step Conversion Problems
2.08: Units Raised to a Power
2.09: Density
03: Matter and Energy
3.01: In Your Room
3.02: What is Matter
3.03: Classifying Matter According to Its StateSolid Liquid and Gas
3.04: Classifying Matter According to Its Composition
3.05: Differences in Matter- Physical and Chemical Properties
3.06: Changes in Matter - Physical and Chemical Changes
3.07: Conservation of Mass - There is No New Matter
3.08: Temperature - Random Motion of Molecules and Atoms
04: Atoms and Elements
4.01: Cutting Aluminum until you get Atoms
4.02: Indivisible - The Atomic Theory
4.03: The Nuclear Atom
4.04: The Properties of Protons Neutrons and Electrons
4.05: Elements- Defined by Their Number of Protons
4.06: Isotopes - When the Number of Neutrons Varies
4.07: Atomic Mass - The Average Mass of an Elements Atoms
4.08: Looking for Patterns - The Periodic Table
4.09: Ions - Losing and Gaining Electrons
05: Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table
5.01: Light- Electromagnetic Radiation
5.02: The Electromagnetic Spectrum
5.03: The Bohr Model - Atoms with Orbits
5.04: Quantum-Mechanical Orbitals and Electron Configurations
5.05: Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
5.06: The Explanatory Power of the Quantum-Mechanical Model
5.07: Periodic Trends - Atomic Size Ionization Energy and Metallic Character
5.08: Representing Valence Electrons with Dots
06: Molecules and Compounds
6.01: Sugar and Salt
6.02: Compounds Display Constant Composition
6.03: Chemical Formulas - How to Represent Compounds
6.04: A Molecular View of Elements and Compounds
6.05: Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds
6.06: Nomenclature- Naming Compounds
6.07: Naming Ionic Compounds
6.08: Naming Acids
6.09: Naming Molecular Compounds
6.10: Nomenclature Summary
07: Chemical Bonding
7.01: Representing Valence Electrons with Dots
7.02: Lewis Structures of Ionic Compounds- Electrons Transferred
7.03: Covalent Lewis Structures- Electrons Shared
7.04: Writing Lewis Structures for Covalent Compounds
7.05: Resonance - Equivalent Lewis Structures for the Same Molecule
7.06: Predicting the Shapes of Molecules
7.07: Electronegativity and Polarity - Why Oil and Water Do not Mix
08: Liquids Solids and Intermolecular Forces
8.01: Interactions between Molecules
8.02: Properties of Liquids and Solids
8.03: Intermolecular Forces in Action- Surface Tension and Viscosity
8.04: Intermolecular Forces- Dispersion DipoleDipole Hydrogen Bonding and Ion-Dipole
8.05: Water - A Remarkable Molecule
8.06: Evaporation and Condensation
8.07: Melting Freezing and Sublimation
09: Chemical Reactions
9.01: Evidence of a Chemical Reaction
9.02: The Chemical Equation
9.03: How to Write Balanced Chemical Equations
9.04: Aqueous Solutions and Solubility - Compounds Dissolved in Water
9.05: Classifying Chemical Reactions
9.06: Precipitation Reactions
9.07: AcidBase and Gas Evolution Reactions
9.08: The Activity Series- Predicting Spontaneous Redox Reactions
9.09: OxidationReduction Reactions
10: Chemical Composition
10.01: Prelude to Chemical Composition - How Much Sodium
10.02: Counting Nails by the Pound
10.03: Counting Atoms by the Gram
10.04: Counting Molecules by the Gram
10.05: Chemical Formulas as Conversion Factors
10.06: Mass Percent Composition of Compounds
10.07: Mass Percent Composition from a Chemical Formula
10.08: Calculating Empirical Formulas for Compounds
10.09: Calculating Molecular Formulas for Compounds
11: Quantities in Chemical Reactions
11.01: Climate Change - Too Much Carbon Dioxide
11.02: Making Pancakes- Relationships Between Ingredients
11.03: Making Molecules- Mole-to-Mole Conversions
11.04: Making Molecules- Mass-to-Mass Conversions
11.05: Stoichiometry
11.06: Limiting Reactant and Theoretical Yield
11.07: Limiting Reactant Theoretical Yield and Percent Yield from Initial Masses of Reactants
12: Solutions
12.01: Tragedy in Cameroon
12.02: Solutions - Homogeneous Mixtures
12.03: Solutions of Solids Dissolved in Water- How to Make Rock Candy
12.04: Solutions of Gases in Water
12.05: Specifying Solution Concentration- Mass Percent
12.06: Specifying Solution Concentration- Molarity
12.07: Solution Dilution
12.08: Solution Stoichiometry
12.09: Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation
12.10: Osmosis
13: Acids and Bases
13.01: Sour Patch Kids and International Spy Movies
13.02: Acids- Properties and Examples
13.03: Bases- Properties and Examples
13.04: Molecular Definitions of Acids and Bases
13.05: Reactions of Acids and Bases
13.06: AcidBase Titration
13.07: Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
13.08: Water - Acid and Base in One
13.09: The pH and pOH Scales - Ways to Express Acidity and Basicity
14: Gases
14.01: Extra-Long Straws
14.02: Pressure - The Result of Constant Molecular Collisions
14.03: Kinetic Molecular Theory- A Model for Gases
14.04: Boyles Law - Pressure and Volume
14.05: Charless Law- Volume and Temperature
14.06: Gay-Lussac's Law- Temperature and Pressure
14.07: The Combined Gas Law- Pressure Volume and Temperature
14.08: The Ideal Gas Law- Pressure Volume Temperature and Moles
14.09: Mixtures of Gases - Why Deep-Sea Divers Breathe a Mixture of Helium and Oxygen