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Human Aging: Biological Perspectives

Nguồn ngoài

Human Aging: Biological Perspectives

The intended audience for this book consists of students and other intelligent readers who have little or no background in science, particularly in biology. These individuals may want to learn about the biology of aging in humans for personal reasons or as part of their preparation for careers that involve working with older people, such as health care, sociology, social work, recreation, education, and psychology.

GerontologyMedicine
Tác giả
Augustine G. DiGiovanna
Nhà xuất bản
Salisbury University
Nguồn
LibreTexts
Giấy phép
CC BY-NC-SA
Ngôn ngữ
EN
Đọc trực tuyến Tải PDF (nguồn mở)
Mục lục· 189 mục
  1. 01: Introduction
  2. 1.01: Why study Human Aging
  3. 1.02: What is Aging
  4. 1.03: Why study Biological Aging
  5. 1.04: How is Biological Aging Studied
  6. 1.05: What we know thus far
  7. 02: Molecules Cells and Theories
  8. 2.01: Hierarchy of the Body
  9. 2.02: Body Chemicals - Types Structures and Uses
  10. 2.03: Cells - Components and Functions
  11. 2.04: Apoptosis
  12. 2.05: Genes and Aging
  13. 2.06: Intercellular Materials - Properties and Functions
  14. 2.07: Biological Aging Theories
  15. 03: Integumentary System
  16. 3.01: Introduction
  17. 3.02: Main Functions for Homeostasis
  18. 3.03: The Epidermis - Components and Functions
  19. 3.04: Age Changes in the Epidermis
  20. 3.05: Epidermal Accessory Structures - Components and Age Changes
  21. 3.06: Dermis
  22. 3.07: Boundary between Epidermis and Dermis
  23. 3.08: Vitamin D Production
  24. 3.09: Subcutaneous Layer - Structure and Functions
  25. 3.10: Miscellaneous Cosmetic Changes
  26. 3.11: Abnormal Changes
  27. 04: Circulatory System
  28. 4.01: Introduction
  29. 4.02: Main Functions for Homeostasis and need for Adaptability
  30. 4.03: Heart
  31. 4.04: Age Changes in the Heart
  32. 4.05: Diseases of the Heart
  33. 4.06: Arteries - Structure and Functions
  34. 4.07: Age Changes in Arteries
  35. 4.08: Atherosclerosis- An Arterial Disease
  36. 4.09: Capillaries
  37. 4.10: Veins
  38. 4.11: Lymphatics and the Spleen
  39. 4.12: Blood - Components and Functions
  40. 05: Respiratory System
  41. 5.01: Introduction
  42. 5.02: Main Functions for Homeostasis
  43. 5.03: Ventilation
  44. 5.04: Requirements for Ventilation
  45. 5.05: Age Changes Affecting Ventilation
  46. 5.06: Perfusion
  47. 5.07: Diffusion
  48. 5.08: Effects of Altered Gas Exchange
  49. 5.09: Diseases of the Respiratory System
  50. 5.10: Smoking - Effects on the Body
  51. 5.11: Sound Production
  52. 06: Nervous System
  53. 6.01: Introduction
  54. 6.02: Main Functions for Homeostasis
  55. 6.03: Neurons - Structure and Functioning
  56. 6.04: Nervous System Organization
  57. 6.05: Nervous System Pathways
  58. 6.06: Age Changes in Sensory Functioning and Consequences
  59. 6.07: Age Changes in Somatic Motor Functioning
  60. 6.08: Age Changes in Autonomic Motor Functioning
  61. 6.09: Age Changes in Reflexes
  62. 6.10: Age Changes in Conscious Sensation and Voluntary Movements
  63. 6.11: Aging Changes in the CNS
  64. 6.12: Aging of other Brain Functions
  65. 6.13: Biorhythms
  66. 6.14: Conclusion - Overview of Normal Age Changes
  67. 6.15: Diseases of the Nervous System
  68. 6.16: Dementia
  69. 07: Eyes and Ears
  70. 7.01: The Eyes
  71. 7.02: Forming Images - Eye Components Functions and Age Changes
  72. 7.03: Accommodation
  73. 7.04: Retina
  74. 7.05: Other Eye Components - Structure Functions and Age Changes
  75. 7.06: Two Eyes
  76. 7.07: Age Changes in Vision
  77. 7.08: Diseases of the Eyes
  78. 7.09: The Ears - Monitoring Four Conditions
  79. 7.10: Hearing - Structures Functions and Age Changes
  80. 7.11: Disorders in Hearing
  81. 7.12: Detecting other Stimuli
  82. 08: Muscle System
  83. 8.01: Types of Muscle
  84. 8.02: Main Functions for Homeostasis
  85. 8.03: Age Changes versus Other Changes
  86. 8.04: Muscle Cells
  87. 8.05: Nerve-Muscle Interaction
  88. 8.06: Blood Flow in Muscles
  89. 8.07: Changes in Muscle Mass
  90. 8.08: Muscle System Performance - Aspects and Changes
  91. 8.09: Staying Physically Active
  92. 8.10: Starting or Increasing Exercise
  93. 8.11: Exercise Recommendations
  94. 8.12: Driving Motor Vehicles
  95. 09: Skeletal System
  96. 9.01: Main Components
  97. 9.02: Main Functions for Homeostasis
  98. 9.03: Bones
  99. 9.04: Age Changes in Bones
  100. 9.05: Osteoporosis- A Bone Disease
  101. 9.06: Joints
  102. 9.07: Diseases of Joints
  103. 10: Digestive System
  104. 10.01: Main Components
  105. 10.02: Main Functions for Homeostasis
  106. 10.03: Chemistry of Digestion - using Water and Enzymes
  107. 10.04: Age Changes versus Other Changes
  108. 10.05: Oral Region - Components Functions and Age Changes
  109. 10.06: Esophagus
  110. 10.07: Stomach
  111. 10.08: Small Intestine
  112. 10.09: Large Intestine
  113. 10.10: Liver
  114. 10.11: Gall Bladder
  115. 10.12: Pancreas
  116. 11: Diet and Nutrition
  117. 11.01: Need for Nutritional Homeostasis
  118. 11.02: Relationships between Diet and Nutrition
  119. 11.03: Problems from Malnutrition
  120. 11.04: A Proper Diet
  121. 11.05: Malnutrition among the Elderly
  122. 11.06: Energy and Body Weight
  123. 11.07: Carbohydrates
  124. 11.08: Lipids
  125. 11.09: Proteins
  126. 11.10: Water
  127. 11.11: Vitamins
  128. 11.12: Minerals
  129. 11.13: Nutrition and Alcohol
  130. 11.14: Nutrition and Medications
  131. 11.15: Nutrition and Disease
  132. 11.16: Nutrition and Maximum Longevity
  133. 12: Urinary System
  134. 12.01: Main Structures
  135. 12.02: Main Functions for Homeostasis
  136. 12.03: Kidneys
  137. 12.04: Age Changes in Kidneys
  138. 12.05: Abnormal and Disease Changes in Kidneys
  139. 12.06: Ureters
  140. 12.07: Urinary Bladder
  141. 12.08: Urethra
  142. 12.09: Urination
  143. 13: Reproductive Systems
  144. 13.01: Main Components
  145. 13.02: Main Functions
  146. 13.03: Male System - Structures and Functions
  147. 13.04: Age Changes in the Male System
  148. 13.05: Male Sexual Activity
  149. 13.06: Age Changes in Male Sexual Activity
  150. 13.07: Female System - Structures and Functions
  151. 13.08: Age Changes in the Female System
  152. 13.09: Female Sexual Activity
  153. 13.10: Age Changes in Female Sexual Activity
  154. 13.11: Frequency and Enjoyment of Sexual Activity
  155. 13.12: Abnormal and Disease Conditions - Incidence Risk Factors Consequences Prevention and Treatment
  156. 14: Endocrine System
  157. 14.01: Main Components
  158. 14.02: Main Functions for Homeostasis
  159. 14.03: Comparing Endocrine and Nervous Systems
  160. 14.04: Hormones
  161. 14.05: Specific Hormones
  162. 14.06: Growth Hormone and IGF-1
  163. 14.07: Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
  164. 14.08: Melatonin
  165. 14.09: Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)
  166. 14.10: Calcitonin (Thyrocalcitonin)
  167. 14.11: Parathormone
  168. 14.12: Thymosin
  169. 14.13: Cholecystokinin (CCK)
  170. 14.14: Glucocorticoids
  171. 14.15: Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone)
  172. 14.16: DHEA
  173. 14.17: Sex Hormones in Men
  174. 14.18: Sex Hormones in Women
  175. 14.19: Insulin and Glucagon
  176. 14.20: Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
  177. 15: Immune System
  178. 15.01: Main Components
  179. 15.02: Main Functions for Homeostasis
  180. 15.03: Unique Characteristics
  181. 15.04: Development of the Immune System
  182. 15.05: Immune Responses
  183. 15.06: Age Changes
  184. 15.07: Abnormal and Disease Conditions - Autoimmune Diseases
  185. 16: Into the Future
  186. 16.01: Demographic Trends
  187. 16.02: Survival Curves
  188. 16.03: Career Opportunities
  189. 16.04: Global Responsibility