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Introductory Statistics

Introductory Statistics covers major topics in statistics including descriptive statistics, probability, confidence intervals, t-tests, statistical graphs, power, complex ANOVA designs, and multiple regression in an easy-to-understand non-mathematical manner. Features include interactive self-testing exercises, an extensive glossary (with links from the text), and the option to view video presentations. Statistical concepts are explained using examples from real research.

Introductory Statistics Statistics

Tác giả: David Lane
Nhà xuất bản: Rice University
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Giấy phép: CC0 / Public domain
Ngôn ngữ: EN
Danh mục: Khoa học cơ bản

Đọc trực tuyến Tải PDF (nguồn mở)

Mục lục· 262 mục

01: Introduction to Statistics
1.01: What are Statistics
1.02: Importance of Statistics
1.03: Descriptive Statistics
1.04: Inferential Statistics
1.05: Sampling Demonstration
1.06: Variables
1.07: Percentiles
1.08: Levels of Measurement
1.09: Measurements
1.10: Distributions
1.11: Summation Notation
1.12: Linear Transformations
1.13: Logarithms
1.14: Statistical Literacy
1.E: Introduction to Statistics (Exercises)
02: Graphing Distributions
2.01: Graphing Qualitative Variables
2.02: Quantitative Variables
2.03: Stem and Leaf Displays
2.04: Histograms
2.05: Frequency Polygons
2.06: Box Plots
2.07: Box Plot Demo
2.08: Bar Charts
2.09: Line Graphs
2.10: Dot Plots
2.11: Statistical Literacy
2.E: Graphing Distributions (Exercises)
03: Summarizing Distributions
3.01: Central Tendency
3.02: What is Central Tendency
3.03: Measures of Central Tendency
3.04: Balance Scale Simulation
3.05: Absolute Differences Simulation
3.06: Squared Differences Simulation
3.07: Median and Mean
3.08: Mean and Median Demo
3.09: Additional Measures
3.10: Comparing Measures
3.11: Variability
3.12: Measures of Variability
3.13: Variability Demo
3.14: Estimating Variance Simulation
3.15: Shapes of Distributions
3.16: Comparing Distributions Demo
3.17: Effects of Linear Transformations
3.18: Variance Sum Law I - Uncorrelated Variables
3.19: Statistical Literacy
3.E: Summarizing Distributions (Exercises)
04: Describing Bivariate Data
4.01: Introduction to Bivariate Data
4.02: Values of the Pearson Correlation
4.03: Guessing Correlations
4.04: Properties of r
4.05: Computing r
4.06: Restriction of Range Demo
4.07: Variance Sum Law II - Correlated Variables
4.08: Statistical Literacy
4.E: Describing Bivariate Data (Exercises)
05: Probability
5.01: The Concept of Probability
5.02: Basic Concepts of Probability
5.03: Conditional Probability Demonstration
5.04: Gambler's Fallacy
5.05: Permutations and Combinations
5.06: Birthday Demo
5.07: Binomial Distribution
5.08: Binomial Demonstration
5.09: Poisson Distribution
5.10: Multinomial Distribution
5.11: Hypergeometric Distribution
5.12: Base Rates
5.13: Bayes Demo
5.14: Monty Hall Problem
5.15: Statistical Literacy
5.E: Probability (Exercises)
06: Research Design
6.01: Scientific Method
6.02: Measurement
6.03: Data Collection
6.04: Sampling Bias
6.05: Experimental Designs
6.06: Causation
6.07: Statistical Literacy
6.E: Research Design (Exercises)
07: Normal Distribution
7.01: Introduction to Normal Distributions
7.02: History of the Normal Distribution
7.03: Areas Under Normal Distributions
7.04: Varieties Demonstration
7.05: Standard Normal Distribution
7.06: Normal Approximation to the Binomial
7.07: Normal Approximation Demonstration
7.08: Statistical Literacy
7.E: Normal Distribution (Exercises)
08: Advanced Graphs
8.01: Q-Q Plots
8.02: Contour Plots
8.03: 3D Plots
8.04: Statistical Literacy
8.E: Advanced Graphs (Exercises)
09: Sampling Distributions
9.01: Introduction to Sampling Distributions
9.02: Basic Demo
9.03: Sample Size Demo
9.04: Central Limit Theorem Demonstration
9.05: Sampling Distribution of the Mean
9.06: Difference Between Means
9.07: Sampling Distribution of Pearson's r
9.08: Sampling Distribution of p
9.09: Statistical Literacy
9.E: Sampling Distributions (Exercises)
10: Estimation
10.01: Introduction to Estimation
10.02: Degrees of Freedom
10.03: Characteristics of Estimators
10.04: Bias and Variability Simulation
10.05: Confidence Intervals
10.06: Confidence Intervals Intro
10.07: Confidence Interval for Mean
10.08: t Distribution
10.09: Confidence Interval Simulation
10.10: Difference between Means
10.11: Correlation
10.12: Proportion
10.13: Statistical Literacy
10.E: Estimation (Exercises)
11: Logic of Hypothesis Testing
11.01: Introduction to Hypothesis Testing
11.02: Significance Testing
11.03: Type I and II Errors
11.04: One- and Two-Tailed Tests
11.05: Significant Results
11.06: Non-Significant Results
11.07: Steps in Hypothesis Testing
11.08: Significance Testing and Confidence Intervals
11.09: Misconceptions of Hypothesis Testing
11.10: Statistical Literacy
11.E: Logic of Hypothesis Testing (Exercises)
12: Tests of Means
12.01: Testing a Single Mean
12.02: t Distribution Demo
12.03: Difference between Two Means
12.04: Robustness Simulation
12.05: Pairwise Comparisons
12.06: Specific Comparisons
12.07: Correlated Pairs
12.08: Correlated t Simulation
12.09: Specific Comparisons (Correlated Observations)
12.10: Pairwise (Correlated)
12.11: Statistical Literacy
12.E: Tests of Means (Exercises)
13: Power
13.01: Introduction to Power
13.02: Example Calculations
13.03: Power Demo
13.04: Power Demo II
13.05: Factors Affecting Power
13.06: Statistical Literacy
13.E: Power (Exercises)
14: Regression
14.01: Introduction to Linear Regression
14.02: Linear Fit Demo
14.03: Partitioning Sums of Squares
14.04: Standard Error of the Estimate
14.05: Inferential Statistics for b and r
14.06: Influential Observations
14.07: Regression Toward the Mean
14.08: Introduction to Multiple Regression
14.09: Statistical Literacy
14.E: Regression (Exercises)
15: Analysis of Variance
15.01: Introduction to ANOVA
15.02: ANOVA Designs
15.03: One-Factor ANOVA
15.04: One-Way Demo
15.05: Multi-Factor Between-Subjects
15.06: Unequal Sample Sizes
15.07: Tests Supplementing
15.08: Within-Subjects
15.09: Power of Within-Subjects Designs Demo
15.10: Statistical Literacy
15.E: Analysis of Variance (Exercises)
16: Transformations
16.01: Prelude to Transformations
16.02: Log Transformations
16.03: Tukey Ladder of Powers
16.04: Box-Cox Transformations
16.05: Statistical Literacy
16.E: Transformations (Exercises)
17: Chi Square
17.01: Chi Square Distribution
17.02: One-Way Tables
17.03: Testing Distribution Demonstration
17.04: Contingency Tables
17.05: 2 x 2 Simulation
17.06: Statistical Literacy
17.07: Chi Square (Exercises)
18: Distribution-Free Tests
18.01: Benefits of Distribution Free Tests
18.02: Randomization Tests - Two Conditions
18.03: Randomization Tests - Two or More Conditions
18.04: Randomization Association
18.05: Fisher's Exact Test
18.06: Rank Randomization Two Conditions
18.07: Rank Randomization Two or More Conditions
18.08: Rank Randomization for Association
18.09: Statistical Literacy Standard
18.10: Distribution Free Tests (Exercises)
19: Effect Size
19.01: Prelude to Effect Size
19.02: Proportions
19.03: Difference Between Two Means
19.04: Proportion of Variance Explained
19.05: Statistical Literacy
19.06: Effect Size (Exercises)
20: Case Studies
20.01: Angry Moods
20.02: Flatulence
20.03: Physicians Reactions
20.04: Teacher Ratings
20.05: Diet and Health
20.06: Smiles and Leniency
20.07: Animal Research
20.08: ADHD Treatment
20.09: Weapons and Aggression
20.10: SAT and College GPA
20.11: Stereograms
20.12: Driving
20.13: Stroop Interference
20.14: TV Violence
20.15: Obesity and Bias
20.16: Shaking and Stirring Martinis
20.17: Adolescent Lifestyle Choices
20.18: Chocolate and Body Weight
20.19: Bedroom TV and Hispanic Children
20.20: Weight and Sleep Apnea
20.21: Misusing SEM
20.22: School Gardens and Vegetable Consumption
20.23: TV and Hypertension
20.24: Dietary Supplements
20.25: Young People and Binge Drinking
20.26: Sugar Consumption in the US Diet
20.27: Nutrition Information Sources and Older Adults
20.28: Mind Set - Exercise and the Placebo Effect
20.29: Predicting Present and Future Affect
20.30: Exercise and Memory
20.31: Parental Recognition of Child Obesity
20.32: Educational Attainment and Racial Ethnic and Gender Disparity
21: Calculators
21.01: Analysis Lab
21.02: Binomial Distribution
21.03: Chi Square Distribution
21.04: F Distribution
21.05: Inverse Normal Distribution
21.06: Inverse t Distribution
21.07: Normal Distribution
21.08: Power Calculator
21.09: r to Fisher z'
21.10: Studentized Range Distribution
21.11: t Distribution