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CHEM 130: General Chemistry I

This course seeks to develop a working knowledge of the conceptual foundation and the quantitative chemical relationships on which subsequent chemistry courses are built. Atomic structure, chemical bonding, reaction stoichiometry, thermochemistry, and periodic trends are emphasized in this integrated lecture and laboratory course.

Chemistry

Tác giả: Dr. Lisa Sharpe Elles
Nhà xuất bản: University of Kansas
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Giấy phép: CC BY
Ngôn ngữ: EN
Danh mục: Khoa học cơ bản

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Mục lục· 200 mục

01: Essential Ideas of Chemistry
1.00: Introduction
1.01: Chemistry in Context
1.02: Phases and Classification of Matter
1.03: Physical and Chemical Properties
1.04: Measurements
1.05: Measurement Uncertainty Accuracy and Precision
1.06: Mathematical Treatment of Measurement Results
1.07: Summary
1.08: Exercises
02: Atoms Molecules and Ions
2.00: Introduction
2.01: Early Ideas in Atomic Theory
2.02: Evolution of Atomic Theory
2.03: Atomic Structure and Symbolism
2.04: The Periodic Table
2.05: Chemical Formulas
2.06: Formula Mass and the Mole Concept
2.07: Summary
2.08: Exercises
03: Electronic Structure and Periodic Properties
3.00: Introduction
3.01: Light and Electromagnetic Energy
3.02: The Bohr Model
3.03: Development of Quantum Theory
3.04: Electronic Structure of Atoms (Electron Configurations)
3.05: Periodic Variations in Element Properties
3.06: Ionic and Molecular Compounds
3.07: Summary
3.08: Exercises
04: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry
4.00: Introduction
4.01: Ionic Bonding
4.02: Covalent Bonding
4.03: Chemical Nomenclature
4.04: Lewis Symbols and Structures
4.05: Formal Charges and Resonance
4.06: Molecular Structure and Polarity
4.07: Summary
4.08: Exercises
05: Advanced Theories of Covalent Bonding
5.00: Introduction
5.01: Valence Bond Theory
5.02: Hybrid Atomic Orbitals
5.03: Multiple Bonds
5.04: Molecular Orbital Theory
5.05: Summary
5.06: Exercises
06: Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions
6.00: Introduction
6.01: Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
6.02: Classifying Chemical Reactions
6.03: Reaction Stoichiometry
6.04: Reaction Yields
6.05: Summary
6.06: Exercises
07: Reactions in Aqueous Solution
7.00: Introduction
7.01: General Properties of Aqueous Solutions
7.02: Precipitation Reactions
7.03: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
7.04: Concentration of Solutions
7.05: Stoichiometry of Reactions in Solution
7.06: Summary
7.07: Exercises
08: Thermochemistry
8.00: Introduction
8.01: Energy Basics
8.02: Calorimetry
8.03: Enthalpy
8.04: Strengths of Ionic and Covalent Bonds
8.05: Summary
8.06: Exercises
09: Gases
9.00: Introduction
9.01: Gas Pressure
9.02: Relating Pressure Volume Amount and Temperature- The Ideal Gas Law
9.03: Stoichiometry of Gaseous Substances Mixtures and Reactions
9.04: Effusion and Diffusion of Gases
9.05: The Kinetic-Molecular Theory
9.06: Non-Ideal Gas Behavior
9.07: Key Terms
9.08: Key Equations
9.09: Summary
9.10: Exercises
10: Liquids and Solids
10.00: Introduction
10.01: Intermolecular Forces
10.02: Properties of Liquids
10.03: Phase Transitions
10.04: Phase Diagrams
10.05: The Solid State of Matter
10.06: Lattice Structures in Crystalline Solids
10.07: Key Terms
10.08: Key Equations
10.09: Summary
10.10: Exercises
11: Solutions and Colloids
11.00: Introduction
11.01: The Dissolution Process
11.02: Electrolytes
11.03: Solubility
11.04: Ways of Expressing Concentration
11.05: Colligative Properties
11.06: Colloids
11.07: Key Terms
11.08: Key Equations
11.09: Summary
11.10: Exercises
12: Chemical Kinetics
12.00: Introduction
12.01: Factors that Affect Reaction Rates
12.02: Reaction Rates
12.03: Concentration and Rates (Differential Rate Laws)
12.04: The Change of Concentration with Time (Integrated Rate Laws)
12.05: Temperature and Rate
12.06: Reaction Mechanisms
12.07: Catalysis
12.E: Exercises
12.S: Chemical Kinetics (Summary)
13: Chemical Equilibrium
13.00: Introduction
13.01: The Concept of Equilibrium
13.02: The Equilibrium Constant
13.03: Interpreting and Working with Equilibrium Constants
13.04: Heterogeneous Equilibria
13.05: Calculating Equilibrium Constants
13.06: Applications of Equilibrium Constants
13.07: Le Chatelier's Principle
13.E: Exercises
13.S: Chemical Equilibrium (Summary)
14: Acid-Base Equilibria
14.00: Introduction
14.01: Acids and Bases - A Brief Review
14.02: Brnsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
14.03: pH and pOH
14.04: Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases
14.05: Hydrolysis of Salt Solutions
14.06: Polyprotic Acids
14.07: Key Terms
14.08: Key Equations
14.09: Summary
14.10: Exercises
15: Equilibria of Other Reaction Classes
15.00: Introduction
15.01: The Common-Ion Effect
15.02: Buffers
15.03: Acid-Base Titrations
15.04: Precipitation and Dissolution
15.05: Lewis Acids and Bases
15.06: Coupled Equilibria
15.07: Key Terms
15.08: Key Equations
15.09: Summary
15.10: Exercises
16: Chemical Thermodynamics
16.00: Spontaneous Processes
16.01: Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
16.02: The Molecular Interpretation of Entropy
16.03: Entropy Changes in Chemical Reactions
16.04: Gibbs Free Energy
16.05: Free Energy and Temperature
16.06: Free Energy and the Equilibrium Constant
16.E: Chemical Thermodynamics (Exercises)
17: Appendices
17.00: The Periodic Table
17.01: Essential Mathematics
17.02: Units and Conversion Factors
17.03: Fundamental Physical Constants
17.04: Water Properties
17.05: Composition of Commercial Acids and Bases
17.06: Standard Thermodynamic Properties for Selected Substances
17.07: Ionization Constants of Weak Acids
17.08: Ionization Constants of Weak Bases
17.09: Solubility Products
17.10: Formation Constants for Complex Ions
17.11: Standard Electrode (Half-Cell) Potentials
17.12: Half-Lives for Several Radioactive Isotopes
17.13: Answer Key
17.13.00: Chapter 1
17.13.01: Chapter 2
17.13.02: Chapter 3
17.13.03: Chapter 4
17.13.04: Chapter 5
17.13.05: Chapter 6
17.13.06: Chapter 7
17.13.07: Chapter 8
17.13.08: Chapter 9
17.13.09: Chapter 10
17.13.10: Chapter 11
17.13.11: Chapter 12
17.13.12: Chapter 13
17.13.13: Chapter 14
17.13.14: Chapter 15
17.13.15: Chapter 16
17.13.16: Chapter 17
17.13.17: Chapter 18
17.13.18: Chapter 19
17.13.19: Chapter 20
17.13.20: Chapter 21