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LCC: General Chemistry

Chemistry

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Nguồn: LibreTexts
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Ngôn ngữ: EN
Danh mục: Khoa học cơ bản

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01: Introduction - Matter and Measurement
1.1: The Study of Chemistry
1.2: Classification of Matter
1.3: Properties of Matter
1.4: Units of Measurement
1.5: Uncertainty in Measurement
1.6: Dimensional Analysis
1.7: Matter and Measurement (Exercises)
1.8: Matter and Measurement (Summary)
02: Atoms Molecules and Ions
2.01: The Atomic Theory of Matter
2.02: The Discovery of Atomic Structure
2.03: The Modern View of Atomic Structure
2.04: Atomic Mass
2.05: The Periodic Table
2.06: Molecules and Molecular Compounds
2.07: Ions and Ionic Compounds
2.08: Naming Inorganic Compounds
2.09: Some Simple Organic Compounds
2.10: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions (Exercises)
2.11: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions (Summary)
03: Stoichiometry: Chemical Formulas and Equations
3.1: Chemical Equations
3.2: Some Simple Patterns of Chemical Reactivity
3.3: Formula Masses
3.4: Avogadro's Number and the Mole
3.5: Empirical Formulas from Analysis
3.6: Quantitative Information from Balanced Equations
3.7: Limiting Reactants
3.8: Stoichiometry (Exercises)
3.9: Stoichiometry (Summary)
04: Reactions in Aqueous Solution
4.1: General Properties of Aqueous Solutions
4.2: Precipitation Reactions
4.3: Acid-Base Reactions
4.4: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
4.5: Concentration of Solutions
4.6: Solution Stoichiometry and Chemical Analysis
4.7: Reactions in Aqueous Solution (Exercises)
4.8: Reactions in Aqueous Solution (Summary)
05: Gases
5.01: Characteristics of Gases
5.02: Pressure
5.03: The Gas Laws
5.04: The Ideal Gas Equation
5.05: Further Applications of the Ideal-Gas Equations
5.06: Gas Mixtures and Partial Pressures
5.07: Kinetic-Molecular Theory
5.08: Molecular Effusion and Diffusion
5.09: Real Gases - Deviations from Ideal Behavior
5.10: Exercises
5.11: Gases (Summary)
06: Thermochemistry
6.01: The Nature of Energy
6.02: The First Law of Thermodynamics
6.03: Enthalpy
6.04: Enthalpy of Reaction
6.05: Calorimetry
6.06: Hess's Law
6.07: Enthalpies of Formation
6.08: Foods and Fuels
6.09: Thermochemistry (Exercises)
6.10: Thermochemistry (Summary)
07: Electronic Structure of Atoms
7.01: The Wave Nature of Light
7.02: Quantized Energy and Photons
7.03: Line Spectra and the Bohr Model
7.04: The Wave Behavior of Matter
7.05: Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Orbitals
7.06: 3D Representation of Orbitals
7.07: Many-Electron Atoms
7.08: Electron Configurations
7.09: Electron Configurations
7.10: Electronic Structure of Atoms (Exercises)
7.11: Electronic Structure of Atoms (Summary)
08: Periodic Properties of the Elements
8.01: Development of the Periodic Table
8.02: Shielding and Effective Nuclear Charge
8.03: Sizes of Atoms and Ions
8.04: Ionization Energy
8.05: Electron Affinities
8.06: Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
8.07: Group Trends for the Active Metals
8.08: Group Trends for Selected Nonmetals
8.09: Periodic Properties of the Elements (Exercises)
8.10: Periodic Properties of the Elements (Summary)
09: Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding
9.01: Chemical Bonds, Lewis Symbols, and the Octet Rule
9.02: Ionic Bonding
9.03: Covalent Bonding
9.04: Bond Polarity and Electronegativity
9.05: Drawing Lewis Structures
9.06: Resonance Structures
9.07: Exceptions to the Octet Rule
9.08: Strength of Covalent Bonds
9.09: Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding (Exercises)
9.10: Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding (Summary)
10: Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories
10.01: Molecular Shapes
10.02: The VSEPR Model
10.03: Molecular Shape and Molecular Polarity
10.04: Covalent Bonding and Orbital Overlap
10.05: Hybrid Orbitals
10.06: Multiple Bonds
10.07: Molecular Orbitals
10.08: Second-Row Diatomic Molecules
10.09: Exercises
10.10: Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories (Summary)
11: Liquids and Intermolecular Forces
11.01: A Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids
11.02: Intermolecular Forces
11.03: Some Properties of Liquids
11.04: Phase Changes
11.05: Vapor Pressure
11.06: Phase Diagrams
11.07: Structure of Solids
11.08: Bonding in Solids
11.09: Liquids and Intermolecular Forces (Exercises)
11.10: Liquids and Intermolecular Forces (Summary)
12: Solids and Modern Materials
12.1: Classes of Materials
12.2: Materials for Structure
12.3: Materials for Medicine
12.4: Materials for Electronics
12.5: Materials for Optics
12.6: Materials for Nanotechnology
12.7: Solids and Modern Materials (Exercises)
13: Properties of Solutions
13.1: The Solution Process
13.2: Saturated Solutions and Solubility
13.3: Factors Affecting Solubility
13.4: Ways of Expressing Concentration
13.5: Colligative Properties
13.6: Colloids
13.7: Properties of Solutions (Exercises)
13.8: Properties of Solutions (Summary)
14: Chemical Equilibrium
14.1: The Concept of Equilibrium
14.2: The Equilibrium Constant
14.3: Interpreting
14.4: Heterogeneous Equilibria
14.5: Calculating Equilibrium Constants
14.6: Applications of Equilibrium Constants
14.7: Le Chatelier's Principle
14.8: Exercises
14.9: Chemical Equilibrium (Summary)
15: AcidBase Equilibria
15.01: Acids and Bases: A Brief Review
15.02: Brønsted–Lowry Acids and Bases
15.03: The Autoionization of Water
15.04: The pH Scale
15.05: Strong Acids and Bases
15.06: Weak Acids
15.07: Weak Bases
15.08: Relationship Between Ka and Kb
15.09: Acid-Base Properties of Salt Solutions
15.10: Acid-Base Behavior and Chemical Structure
15.11: Lewis Acids and Bases
15.12: Acid–Base Equilibria (Exercises)
15.13: Acid–Base Equilibria (Summary)