Nguồn ngoài

Structure & Reactivity I: Chemical Structure and Properties

Atoms, Compounds, Molecules, Intermolecular Attractions, Structure-Property Relationships

General Chemistry Chemistry

Tác giả: Chris Schaller
Nhà xuất bản: College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Giấy phép: CC BY-NC
Ngôn ngữ: EN
Danh mục: Khoa học cơ bản

Đọc trực tuyến Tải PDF (nguồn mở)

Mục lục· 172 mục

01: Introduction to Atoms
1.01: From Democritus to the 19th Century- Historical Developments in Chemistry
1.02: Old Quantum Mechanics- Basic Developments
1.03: New Quantum Mechanics
1.04: Quantum Numbers
1.05: The Aufbau Process
1.06: The Periodic Table and Periodic Trends
1.07: Atoms- Solutions to Selected Problems
02: Metals
2.01: Introduction to Metals
2.02: A Layer of Metal Atoms
2.03: Building Metal Atoms in Three Dimensions
2.04: Application Problems with Metals
2.05: Metals- Solutions to Selected Problems
03: Ionic Compounds
3.01: Ionic Atoms
3.02: Counterions
3.03: Physical Properties
3.04: Solubility
3.05: Structures of Ionic Solids
3.06: Application Problems
3.07: Naming Ionic Compounds
3.08: Ionic Compounds- Solutions for Selected Problems
04: Introduction to Molecules
4.01: Why do Molecules Matter
4.02: Lewis Structures
4.03: Lewis Structures and Multiple Bonding
4.04: Lewis Structures and Polyatomic Molecules
4.05: Lewis and Formal Charge
4.06: The Need for Resonance Structures
4.07: Which Bonds are Ionic and Which are Covalent
4.08: Line Drawings
4.09: Three Dimensional Drawings
4.10: Other Geometries
4.11: Controversial Lewis Structures
4.12: Organic Functional Groups
4.13: Common Biomolecules
4.14: Drawings for Large Biological Compounds
4.15: Application Problems
4.16: Solutions to Selected Problems
05: Stereochemistry
5.01: Introduction
5.02: Stereoisomers
5.03: Stereochemistry - Extra Problems.
5.04: Enantiomers
5.05: Simple Organic Enantiomers- R and S configurations
5.06: Biological Small Molecules
5.07: Optical Rotation
5.08: The Polarimetry Experiment
5.09: Carbohydrates and Diastereomers
5.10: Diastereomers and Physical Properties
5.11: Carbohydrates in Cyclic Form
5.12: Biological Building Blocks- Amino Acids
5.13: Macromolecular Structures- Alpha-Helices
5.14: Optical Resolution
5.15: Another Kind of Stereochemistry- Alkene Isomers
5.16: E and Z Alkene Isomers
5.17: Stereoisomers in Other Geometries- Octahedra
5.18: Enantiomers in Octahedral Complexes
5.19: Chiral Catalysts for Production of Enantiomerically Pure Compounds
5.20: Solutions to Selected Problems
5.21: Biological Building Blocks- Carbohydrates
06: Conformational Analysis
6.01: Introduction to Conformation
6.02: Simple Molecules
6.03: Conformation of Butane
6.04: The Basis Set
6.05: Molecular Modeling
6.06: Cyclic System
6.07: Cyclohexane
6.08: Diamond Lattice Drawings
6.09: Substituted Cyclohexanes
6.10: Disubstituted Cyclohexanes
6.11: Other Rings
6.12: Rings with Heteroatoms
6.13: More Practice with Conformation
6.14: Application Problems
6.15: Solutions to Selected Problems
07: Structure-Property Relationships
7.01: The Properties of Water
7.02: Changes of State
7.03: Kinetic-molecular Theory
7.04: London Interactions
7.05: Dipole Interactions
7.06: Hydrogen Bonding
7.07: Ionic Attractions
7.08: Comparing Properties of Isomers
7.09: Miscibility
7.10: Solubility
7.11: Hydrogen Bond Acceptors
7.12: Heterogenous Mixtures
7.13: Intermolecular Attractions and Protein Structure
7.14: Application Problems
7.15: Solutions to Selected Problems
08: Introduction to Biomolecules
8.01: Lipids
8.02: Proteins
8.03: Nucleic Acids
8.04: Carbohydrates
8.05: Biomolecule Application Problems
09: Cell Tutorial
9.01: The Cell- An Overview
9.02: The Cell- Lipids
9.03: The Cell - Proteins
9.04: The Cell- Nucleic Acids
9.05: The Cell- Carbohydrates
10: Network Solids
10.01: A Network Solid - Diamond
10.02: Other Forms of Carbon
10.03: Silicates and Silica
10.04: Aluminosilicates
10.05: Solutions to Selected Problems
11: Transition Metal Complexes
11.01: Introduction
11.02: Building Blocks- Metal Ions and Ligands in Transition Metal Complexes
11.03: Electron Counting
11.04: Chelation
11.05: Isomers
11.06: Naming Transition Metal Complexes
11.07: Geometry in Transition Metal Complexes
11.08: Solutions for Selected Problems
12: Macromolecules and Supramolecular Assemblies
12.01: What are Macromolecules
12.02: Viscosity
12.03: Glass Transition
12.04: Polymer Architecture
12.05: Morphology and Microphase Separation
12.06: Polymer Synthesis
12.07: Molecular Weight
12.08: Supramolecular Assemblies
12.09: Solutions for Selected Problems
13: Molecular Orbital Theory
13.01: Introductions
13.02: Wave Behavior and Bonding in the Hydrogren Molecule
13.03: Molecular Orbitals- Lessons from Dihydrogen
13.04: Sigma Bonding with p Orbitals
13.05: Pi Bonding with p Orbitals
13.06: Assembling the Complete Diagram and Electron Population
13.07: Experimental Evidence for Molecular Orbital Results
13.08: Symmetry and Mixing
13.09: When Different Atoms Bond Together
13.10: Another Complication in HF- Orbital Mixing
13.11: Geometry and Orbital Contribution to Bonding
13.12: Approximations in More Complicated Structures
13.13: Building a Molecule from Pieces
13.14: Delocalization
13.15: Polyenes
13.16: Delocalization in Aromatics
13.17: Heteroaromatics
13.18: Frontier Orbitals
13.19: Solutions to Selected Problems
14: Concepts of Acidity
14.01: General Acidity and Basicity
14.02: Lewis Bases
14.03: Lewis Acids
14.04: Lewis Acid-Base Complexes and Molecular Orbitals
14.05: Reversibility of the Dative Bond
14.06: Coordination Complexes
14.07: Proton as a Common Lewis Acid
14.08: Proton Transfer from One Basic Site to Another and Molecular Orbital Interactions in Proton Transfers
14.09: Proton Donor Strength- pKa
14.10: The Relationship Between Structure and Bronsted-Lowry Acidity
14.11: Factors Affecting Bronsted-Lowry Acidity- Local Factors
14.12: Factors affecting Bronsted-Lowry Acidity- Distal Factors
14.13: Effects on Basicity (Attraction for Proton)
14.14: The Direction of Proton Transfer
14.15: Amino Acids and Peptides
14.16: Relative Conditions and pKa
14.17: The Meaning of pKa- Product-to-Reactant Ratio and Equilibrium Constant
14.18: pH and Buffers
14.19: Application Problems
14.20: Solutions to Selected Problems