Nguồn ngoài

Physical Geography: our Beautiful World

Geosciences

Tác giả: Arnaud Temme, Kansas State University
Nhà xuất bản: LibreTexts
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Giấy phép: CC BY-NC-SA
Ngôn ngữ: EN
Danh mục: Khoa học cơ bản

Đọc trực tuyến Tải PDF (nguồn mở)

Mục lục· 181 mục

01: Essentials of Geography
1.01: The Discipline of Geography
1.1.01: Principles of Geography
1.1.02: Geography as a Spatial Science
1.1.03: The Continuum of Geography
1.1.04: Geography and the Scientific Method
1.02: Tools of the Geographer
1.2.01: Maps
1.2.02: Aerial Photographs and Remote Sensing
1.2.03: Geographic Information System
1.2.04: Models in Geography
1.2.05: The Global Positioning System (GPS)
1.03: Locational Systems
1.3.01: Latitude and Longitude
1.3.02: Geographical Zones
1.04: Time
1.05: Future Geographies
1.06: Review and Additional Resources
02: Energy and Radiation
2.01: Energy and Heat
2.1.01: The Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation
2.1.02: Selective Absorption by the Atmosphere
2.02: Insolation
2.03: Radiation and Energy Balance of the Earth System
2.3.01: The Radiation Balance
2.3.02: The Energy Balance
2.04: Global Patterns of Insolation Net radiation and Heat
2.05: Global Patterns of Sensible and Latent Heat Transfer
2.06: Future Geographies - Radiative Forcing and the Earth's Heat Balance
2.07: Review and Additional Online Resources
03: The Atmosphere
3.01: Atmospheric Composition
3.02: Atmospheric Structure
3.03: Greenhouse Effect
3.04: Future Geographies - Predicting Atmospheric Composition
3.05: Review and Additional Resources
04: Atmospheric and Ocean Circulation
4.01: Getting Ready for Chapter 4
4.02: Air Pressure
4.03: Controls over wind direction and speed
4.04: Cyclones and Anticyclones
4.05: Local Scale Wind
4.06: Regional Scale Winds - The Monsoon
4.07: Global Scale Circulation
4.08: Wind and Pressure Aloft
4.09: Ocean Circulation and Atmospheric Circulation
4.10: Future Geographies - Atmospheric Pressure and Winds
4.11: Review and Additional Resources
05: Atmospheric Moisture
5.01: Phases of Water
5.1.01: Evaporation
5.1.02: Transpiration
5.1.03: Humidity
5.1.04: Condensation
5.02: Adiabatic Temperature Change and Stability
5.03: Clouds and Precipitation
5.3.01: Fog
5.3.02: Clouds
5.3.03: Precipitation Process
5.04: Global Patterns of Precipitation
5.05: Looking Ahead
5.06: Review and Additional Resources
06: Weather Systems
6.01: Getting Ready for Chapter 6
6.02: Air Masses
6.03: Fronts
6.04: Wave Cyclones (Cyclogenesis)
6.05: Weather and Wave Cyclones
6.06: Severe Weather
6.6.01: Thunderstorms
6.6.02: Lightning
6.6.03: Tornadoes
6.6.04: Hurricanes
6.07: Future Geographies - Severe Weather and Global Warming
6.08: Review and Additional Resources
07: Climate Systems
7.01: Getting Ready for Chapter 7
7.02: The Elements of Climate
7.03: Climate Classification
7.04: Low Latitude Climates
7.4.01: Tropical Rain Forest
7.4.02: Tropical Monsoon Climate
7.4.03: Tropical Wet Dry (Savanna) Climate
7.4.04: Tropical Steppe Climate
7.4.05: Tropical Desert Climate
7.05: Midlatitude and Subtropical Climates
7.5.01: Mediterranean or Dry Summer Subtropical Climate
7.5.02: Midlatitude Desert Climate
7.5.03: Midlatitude Steppe
7.5.04: Humid Subtropical Climate
7.5.05: Humid Continental Climate
7.5.06: Marine (Humid) West Coast Climate
7.06: High Latitude Climates
7.6.01: Subarctic Climate
7.6.02: Tundra Climate
7.6.03: Ice Cap Climate
7.07: Urban Climate
7.08: Future Geographies - The Evidence for Climate Change
7.09: Review and Additional Resources
08: The Hydrosphere
8.01: The Hydrosphere
8.02: The Hydrologic Cycle
8.03: Future Geographies - Water Resources and Climate Change
8.04: Review and Additional Resources
09: Earth Materials and Structure
9.01: The Earth's Interior
9.02: Forces that Shape the Surface of the Earth
9.03: Orders of Relief
9.04: Minerals
9.05: Rocks
9.5.01: Rocks and the Rock Cycle
9.5.02: Igneous Rocks
9.5.03: Sedimentary Rocks
9.5.04: Metamorphic Rocks
9.06: Review and Additional Resources
10: Tectonics and Landforms
10.01: Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift
10.02: Plate Boundaries
10.03: Crustal Deformation
10.3.01: Folding and Faulting
10.3.02: Geographic Patterns of Faults and Earthquakes
10.3.03: Tsunamis
10.04: Review and Additional Resources
11: Volcanic Processes and Landforms
11.01: Features of Volcanoes
11.02: Distribution of Volcanoes
11.03: Types of Volcanoes and Landscapes
11.04: Volcanic Hazards
11.05: Review and Additional Resources
12: Weathering Erosion and Mass Movement
12.01: Weathering
12.02: Mass Movement
12.03: Water Erosion
12.04: Review and Additional Resources
13: Glaciers and ice caps
13.01: Glaciation
13.02: Geologic Work of Glaciers
13.03: Landforms of Continental Glaciation
13.04: Landforms of Alpine Glaciation
13.05: Digging Deeper-The Fate of Permafrost in a Warming World
13.06: Review and Additional Resources
14: Fluvial Systems
14.01: The Stream System
14.02: Channel Geometry and Flow Characteristics
14.03: Geologic Work of Streams
14.04: Stream Gradation
14.05: Landforms of Alluvial Rivers
14.06: Fluvial Processes in Dry Regions
14.07: Review and Additional Resources
15: Ocean and Coastal Systems
15.01: Water in Motion
15.02: Coastal Landforms and Processes
15.03: Types of Coasts
15.04: Review and Additional Resources
16: Soil Systems
16.01: Soil Development
16.02: Horizon Development Processes
16.03: Soil Properties
16.04: Soil Profiles
16.05: Factors Affecting Soil Development
16.06: Soil Forming (Pedogenic) Processes
16.07: Soil Orders
16.08: Review and Additional Resources
17: Ecosystems
17.01: Ecosystem Types and Dynamics
17.02: Biogeochemical Cycles
17.03: Soils
17.04: Soil Degradation
17.05: Data Dive- Beaver Impacts on Wetlands
17.06: Review
18: Earth Biomes
18.01: Patterns of the Biosphere
18.02: The Forest Biome
18.2.01: Tropical Forests
18.2.02: Midlatitude Forests
18.2.03: Northern Forests
18.03: Savanna Biome
18.04: Grassland Biome
18.05: The Desert Biome
18.06: Tundra Biome
18.07: Review and Additional Resources