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Introductory Chemistry

A Textbook Map is an attempt to facilitate use of OER by recreating the sequence of content of an existing textbook. This is a Textbook Map of the Introductory Chemistry textbook, authored by Tro for 1-semester preparatory chemistry.

Introductory Chemistry Chemistry

Tác giả: LibreTexts
Nhà xuất bản: Sacramento City College
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Giấy phép: CC BY
Ngôn ngữ: EN
Danh mục: Khoa học cơ bản

Đọc trực tuyến Tải PDF (nguồn mở)

Mục lục· 205 mục

01: The Chemical World
1.01: Sand and Water
1.02: Chemicals Compose Ordinary Things
1.03: The Scientific Method - How Chemists Think
1.04: Analyzing and Interpreting Data
1.05: A Beginning Chemist - How to Succeed
1.06: Hypothesis Theories and Laws
1.07: The Scope of Chemistry
1.E: Exercises
02: Measurement and Problem Solving
2.01: Taking Measurements
2.02: Scientific Notation - Writing Large and Small Numbers
2.03: Significant Figures - Writing Numbers to Reflect Precision
2.04: Significant Figures in Calculations
2.05: The Basic Units of Measurement
2.06: Problem Solving and Unit Conversions
2.07: Solving Multi-step Conversion Problems
2.08: Units Raised to a Power
2.09: Density
2.E: Measurement and Problem Solving (Exercises)
03: Matter and Energy
3.01: In Your Room
3.02: What is Matter
3.03: Classifying Matter According to Its StateSolid Liquid and Gas
3.04: Classifying Matter According to Its Composition
3.05: Differences in Matter- Physical and Chemical Properties
3.06: Changes in Matter - Physical and Chemical Changes
3.07: Conservation of Mass - There is No New Matter
3.08: Energy
3.09: Energy and Chemical and Physical Change
3.10: Temperature - Random Motion of Molecules and Atoms
3.11: Temperature Changes - Heat Capacity
3.12: Energy and Heat Capacity Calculations
3.E: Matter and Energy (Exercises)
04: Atoms and Elements
4.01: Cutting Aluminum until you get Atoms
4.02: Indivisible - The Atomic Theory
4.03: The Nuclear Atom
4.04: The Properties of Protons Neutrons and Electrons
4.05: Elements- Defined by Their Number of Protons
4.06: Looking for Patterns - The Periodic Table
4.07: Ions - Losing and Gaining Electrons
4.08: Isotopes - When the Number of Neutrons Varies
4.09: Atomic Mass - The Average Mass of an Elements Atoms
05: Molecules and Compounds
5.01: Sugar and Salt
5.02: Compounds Display Constant Composition
5.03: Chemical Formulas - How to Represent Compounds
5.04: A Molecular View of Elements and Compounds
5.05: Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds
5.06: Nomenclature- Naming Compounds
5.07: Naming Ionic Compounds
5.08: Naming Molecular Compounds
5.09: Naming Acids
5.10: Nomenclature Summary
5.11: Formula Mass - The Mass of a Molecule or Formula Unit
06: Chemical Composition
6.01: Prelude to Chemical Composition - How Much Sodium
6.02: Counting Nails by the Pound
6.03: Counting Atoms by the Gram
6.04: Counting Molecules by the Gram
6.05: Chemical Formulas as Conversion Factors
6.06: Mass Percent Composition of Compounds
6.07: Mass Percent Composition from a Chemical Formula
6.08: Calculating Empirical Formulas for Compounds
6.09: Calculating Molecular Formulas for Compounds
07: Chemical Reactions
7.02: Evidence of a Chemical Reaction
7.03: The Chemical Equation
7.04: How to Write Balanced Chemical Equations
7.05: Aqueous Solutions and Solubility - Compounds Dissolved in Water
7.06: Precipitation Reactions
7.07: Writing Chemical Equations for Reactions in Solution- Molecular Complete Ionic and Net Ionic Equations
7.08: AcidBase and Gas Evolution Reactions
7.09: OxidationReduction Reactions
7.10: Classifying Chemical Reactions
7.11: The Activity Series- Predicting Spontaneous Redox Reactions
08: Quantities in Chemical Reactions
8.01: Climate Change - Too Much Carbon Dioxide
8.02: Making Pancakes- Relationships Between Ingredients
8.03: Making Molecules- Mole-to-Mole Conversions
8.04: Making Molecules- Mass-to-Mass Conversions
8.05: Stoichiometry
8.06: Limiting Reactant and Theoretical Yield
8.07: Limiting Reactant Theoretical Yield and Percent Yield from Initial Masses of Reactants
8.08: Enthalpy Change is a Measure of the Heat Evolved or Absorbed
09: Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table
9.02: Light- Electromagnetic Radiation
9.03: The Electromagnetic Spectrum
9.04: The Bohr Model - Atoms with Orbits
9.05: The Quantum-Mechanical Model- Atoms with Orbitals
9.06: Quantum-Mechanical Orbitals and Electron Configurations
9.07: Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
9.08: The Explanatory Power of the Quantum-Mechanical Model
9.09: Periodic Trends - Atomic Size Ionization Energy and Metallic Character
9.E: Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table (Exercises)
10: Chemical Bonding
10.01: Bonding Models and AIDs Drugs
10.02: Representing Valence Electrons with Dots
10.03: Lewis Structures of Ionic Compounds- Electrons Transferred
10.04: Covalent Lewis Structures- Electrons Shared
10.05: Writing Lewis Structures for Covalent Compounds
10.06: Resonance - Equivalent Lewis Structures for the Same Molecule
10.07: Predicting the Shapes of Molecules
10.08: Electronegativity and Polarity - Why Oil and Water Do not Mix
11: Gases
11.01: Extra-Long Straws
11.02: Kinetic Molecular Theory- A Model for Gases
11.03: Pressure - The Result of Constant Molecular Collisions
11.04: Boyles Law - Pressure and Volume
11.05: Charless Law- Volume and Temperature
11.06: The Combined Gas Law- Pressure Volume and Temperature
11.07: Avogadros Law- Volume and Moles
11.08: The Ideal Gas Law- Pressure Volume Temperature and Moles
11.09: Mixtures of Gases - Why Deep-Sea Divers Breathe a Mixture of Helium and Oxygen
11.11: Gay-Lussac's Law- Temperature and Pressure
12: Liquids Solids and Intermolecular Forces
12.01: Interactions between Molecules
12.02: Properties of Liquids and Solids
12.03: Intermolecular Forces in Action- Surface Tension and Viscosity
12.04: Evaporation and Condensation
12.05: Melting Freezing and Sublimation
12.06: Intermolecular Forces- Dispersion DipoleDipole Hydrogen Bonding and Ion-Dipole
12.07: Types of Crystalline Solids
12.08: Water - A Remarkable Molecule
13: Solutions
13.01: Tragedy in Cameroon
13.02: Solutions - Homogeneous Mixtures
13.03: Solutions of Solids Dissolved in Water- How to Make Rock Candy
13.04: Solutions of Gases in Water
13.05: Specifying Solution Concentration- Mass Percent
13.06: Specifying Solution Concentration- Molarity
13.07: Solution Dilution
13.08: Solution Stoichiometry
13.09: Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation
13.10: Osmosis
14: Acids and Bases
14.01: Sour Patch Kids and International Spy Movies
14.02: Acids- Properties and Examples
14.03: Bases- Properties and Examples
14.04: Molecular Definitions of Acids and Bases
14.05: Reactions of Acids and Bases
14.06: AcidBase Titration
14.07: Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
14.08: Water - Acid and Base in One
14.09: The pH and pOH Scales - Ways to Express Acidity and Basicity
14.10: Buffers- Solutions that Resist pH Change
14.11: Prelude - Sour Patch Kids
15: Chemical Equilibrium
15.02: The Rate of a Chemical Reaction
15.03: The Idea of Dynamic Chemical Equilibrium
15.04: The Equilibrium Constant - A Measure of How Far a Reaction Goes
15.05: Heterogeneous Equilibria- The Equilibrium Expression for Reactions Involving a Solid or a Liquid
15.06: Calculating and Using Equilibrium Constants
15.07: Disturbing a Reaction at Equilibrium- Le Chateliers Principle
15.08: The Effect of a Concentration Change on Equilibrium
15.09: The Effect of a Volume Change on Equilibrium
15.10: The Effect of Temperature Changes on Equilibrium
15.11: The Solubility-Product Constant
15.12: The Path of a Reaction and the Effect of a Catalyst
16: Oxidation and Reduction
16.02: Oxidation and Reduction- Some Definitions
16.03: Oxidation States- Electron Bookkeeping
16.04: Balancing Redox Equations
16.05: The Activity Series- Predicting Spontaneous Redox Reactions
16.06: Batteries- Using Chemistry to Generate Electricity
16.07: Electrolysis- Using Electricity to Do Chemistry
16.08: Corrosion- Undesirable Redox Reactions
17: Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry
17.02: The Discovery of Radioactivity
17.03: Types of Radioactivity- Alpha Beta and Gamma Decay
17.04: Detecting Radioactivity
17.05: Natural Radioactivity and Half-Life
17.06: Radiocarbon Dating- Using Radioactivity to Measure the Age of Fossils and Other Artifacts
17.07: The Discovery of Fission and the Atomic Bomb
17.08: Nuclear Power- Using Fission to Generate Electricity
17.09: Nuclear Fusion- The Power of the Sun
17.10: The Effects of Radiation on Life
17.11: Radioactivity in Medicine
18: Organic Chemistry
18.01: What Do I Smell
18.02: Vitalism- the Difference Between Organic and Inorganic
18.03: Carbon- A Versitile Atom
18.04: Hydrocarbons- Compounds Containing Only Carbon and Hydrocarbon
18.05: Alkanes- Saturated Hydrocarbons
18.06: Isomers- Same Formula Different Structure
18.07: Naming Alkanes
18.08: Alkenes and Alkynes
18.09: Hydrocarbon Reactions
18.10: Aromatic Hydrocarbons
18.11: Functional Groups
18.12: Alcohols
18.13: Ethers
18.14: Aldehydes and Ketones
18.15: Carboxylic Acids and Esters
18.16: Amines
18.17: Polymers
19: Biochemistry
19.01: The Human Genome Project
19.02: The Cell and Its Main Chemical Components
19.03: Carbohydrates
19.04: Lipids
19.05: Proteins
19.06: Protein Structure
19.07: Nucleic Acids- Blueprints for Proteins