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How Arguments Work: A Guide to Reading, Writing and Analyzing Texts in College

How Arguments Work takes students through the techniques they will need to respond to readings and make sophisticated arguments in any college class. This is a practical guide to argumentation with strategies and templates for the kinds of assignments students will commonly encounter. It covers rhetorical concepts in everyday language and explores how arguments can build trust and move readers.

Humanities

Tác giả: Karen Woodring
Nhà xuất bản: Harrisburg Area Community College
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Giấy phép: CC BY-NC
Ngôn ngữ: EN
Danh mục: Tiếng Anh

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Mục lục· 81 mục

01: Introduction- Why Study Argument
02: Reading to Figure out the Argument
2.01: Overview- Reading to Write
2.02: Types of Claims to Look out for
2.03: Making Notes on the Writers Claims
2.04: Deciding Which Is the Main Claim
2.05: Finding the Reasons
2.06: Finding the Counterarguments
2.07: Finding the Responses to the Counterarguments
2.08: Finding the Limits on the Argument
03: Writing a Summary of Another Writers Argument
3.01: Introducing the Argument and the Main Claim
3.02: Describing the Reasoning
3.03: Describing How the Author Treats Counterarguments
3.04: Describing How the Author Limits the Claim
3.05: Putting the Summary Together
04: Assessing the Strength of an Argument
4.01: Using a Summary to Launch an Opinion
4.02: Checking If the Meaning Is Clear
4.03: Questioning the Reasons
4.04: Questioning the Assumptions
4.05: Fallacies- Common Problems to Watch For
4.5.01: Classification of Fallacies - All the Ways we Say Things Wrong
4.5.02: Fallacies of Evidence
4.5.03: Fallacies of Weak Induction
4.5.04: Fallacies of Ambiguity and Grammatical Analogy
4.5.05: The Detection of Fallacies in Ordinary Language
4.5.06: Searching Your Essays for Fallacies
05: Making Your Recommendation in Response to an Argument
06: The Research Process
6.01: Approaching a Research Paper Assignment
6.02: Where to Find Authoritative Sources
6.03: Getting Familiar with Academic Journal Articles
6.04: Searching for Journal Articles
6.05: Strategies for Each Phase of the Research Process
07: Forming Your Own Argument
7.01: Introductions
7.02: Organizing a Paper to Respond to Sources
7.03: Definition Arguments
7.04: Evaluation Arguments
7.05: Causal Arguments
7.06: Proposal Arguments
7.07: Tips for Paraphrasing and Quoting
7.08: Conclusions
08: How Arguments Appeal to Emotion
8.01: The Place of Emotion in Argument
8.02: Word Choice and Connotation
8.03: Powerful Examples
8.04: Tone
8.05: Varying the Emotions
8.06: Fitting the Emotions to the Audience
8.07: Legitimate and Illegitimate Emotional Appeals
09: How Arguments Establish Trust and Connection
9.01: An Argument Implies a Relationship
9.02: Authority
9.03: Distance and Intimacy
9.04: Shared Sense of Identity
9.05: Respect and Goodwill
9.06: Moral Character
9.07: Combining Different Approaches to Trust and Connection
9.08: Faulty Appeals to Trust
10: Writing an Analysis of an Arguments Strategies
10.01: How Argument Analysis Essays are Structured
10.02: Generating Ideas for an Argument Analysis Paper
10.03: Reviewing an Argument Analysis Essay
10.04: A Brief Sample Argument Analysis Essay
10.05: A Longer Sample Argument Analysis Essay
11: Shaping Sentences to Drive Your Points Home
11.01: Writing Like You Drive
11.02: Keeping It Concise
11.03: Making Sentences Clear
11.04: Giving the Reader Pleasure
11.05: Understanding Convoluted Sentences
11.06: Exercises and Further Resources
12: Language - Meaning and Definition
12.01: Techniques of Defining- Semantics vs Syntax and Avoiding more Ambiguity
12.02: Criteria for Framing Definitions- Its all about Context and Audience
12.03: Defining Terms Appropriately
12.04: Cognitive and Emotive Meaning - Abortion and Capital Punishment
12.05: Functions of Language and Precision in Speech
12.06: Defining Terms- Types and Purposes of Definitions