Nguồn ngoài

Gemology

The Gemology Project is a non-profit gemstone and gem science wiki-style database for anyone interested in gemstones and gemology.

Geology Geosciences

Tác giả: The Gemology Project
Nhà xuất bản: LibreTexts
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Giấy phép: CC BY-NC-SA
Ngôn ngữ: EN
Danh mục: Khoa học cơ bản

Đọc trực tuyến Tải PDF (nguồn mở)

Mục lục· 233 mục

01: Introduction to Gemology
1.01: General Information on Gemology
1.02: Becoming a Gemologist
02: Origins of Minerals
2.01: Igneous (Magmatic) rocks
2.02: Sedimentary rocks
2.03: Metamorphic rocks
2.04: External Links
2.05: Luster
03: Origin Determination
3.01: Origin Determination
04: The Chemistry of Gemstones
4.01: Chemistry of Gemstones
4.02: Isomorphous Replacement
4.03: The Chemical Classification of Gems and Minerals
05: Crystallography
5.01: Crystallography
5.02: Crystal Systems
5.03: Form
5.04: Habit
5.05: Symmetry
5.06: Twinning
5.6.01: External Links
06: Cleavage
6.01: Cleavage
6.02: Parting
6.03: Fracture
6.04: External Links
07: Optical Properties of Gemstones
7.01: Optical Properties of Gemstones
7.02: Nature of Light
7.03: Reflection
7.04: Adding Arrows
7.05: Luster
7.06: Sheen
7.07: Brilliance
7.08: Polarization
7.09: Pleochroism
7.10: Color
7.11: Color Grading
7.12: Causes of Color
7.13: The Phenomenon of Color Change
7.14: Refraction
7.15: Double Refraction
7.16: Dispersion
7.17: Diffraction
7.18: Interference
7.19: Luminescence
7.20: External Links
08: Hardness
8.01: Hardness
09: Specific Gravity
9.01: Specific Gravity
10: Basic Math for Gemology
10.01: Math
11: Equipment used to Identify Gemstones
11.01: Introduction
11.02: 10x Loupe
11.03: Spectroscope
11.04: Refractometer
11.05: Polariscope
11.06: Dichroscope
11.07: Immersion Cell
11.08: Color Filters
11.09: Microscope
11.10: Hydrostatic Balance
11.11: Heavy Liquids
12: Inclusions
12.01: Inclusions
13: Gemstone Treatments and Enhancements
13.01: Gemstone Treatments
13.02: Heat Treatment
14: Synthetic Gemstones
14.01: Synthetic Gemstones
14.02: Sublimation
14.03: Skull Crucible
14.04: Flame Fusion
14.05: Synthetic Forsterite
14.06: Synthetic Moissanite
14.07: Synthetic Cubic Zirconia
14.08: Imitation Gemstones
15: Visual Optics
15.01: Visual Optics
15.02: The Hodgkinson Method
16: Gemstones
16.01: Alphabetical List by Gemstone Name
16.02: Diamond
16.03: Corundum
16.3.01: Ruby
16.3.02: Sapphire
16.04: Beryl
16.4.01: Aquamarine
16.4.02: Bixbite
16.4.03: Emerald
16.4.04: Vanadium Beryl
16.4.05: Goshenite
16.4.06: Green Beryl
16.4.07: Heliodor
16.4.08: Maxixe
16.4.09: Morganite
16.4.10: Riesling
16.4.11: True Blue
16.4.12: Pezzottaite
16.05: Quartz
16.5.01: Amethyst
16.5.02: Ametrine
16.5.03: Citrine
16.5.04: Prasiolite
16.5.05: Rock Crystal
16.5.06: Rose Quartz
16.5.07: Sunset Quartz
16.5.08: Smokey Quartz
16.06: Quartz - Polycrystalline
16.6.01: Chalcedony
16.6.1.01: Agate
16.6.1.02: Arkansas stone
16.6.1.03: Bloodstone
16.6.1.04: Carnelian
16.6.1.05: Chrysoprase
16.6.1.06: Jasper
16.6.1.07: Onyx
16.6.1.08: Sard
16.6.1.09: Sardonyx
16.6.1.10: Tigereye
16.07: Zoisite
16.7.01: Tanzanite
16.7.02: Thulite
16.08: Garnet
16.8.01: Almandine
16.8.02: Andradite
16.8.03: Grossular
16.8.04: Pyrope
16.8.05: Spessartite
16.8.06: Uvarovite
16.09: Diopside
16.9.01: Chrome Diopside
16.9.02: Tashmarine
16.10: Feldspar
16.10.01: Amazonite
16.10.02: Andesine
16.10.03: Labradorite
16.10.04: Moonstone
16.10.05: Spectrolite
16.10.06: Sunstone
16.11: Spodumene
16.11.01: Hiddenite
16.11.02: Kunzite
16.12: Chrysoberyl
16.12.01: Alexandrite
16.13: Spinel
16.14: Tourmaline
16.14.01: Liddicoatite
16.14.02: Achroite
16.14.03: Bi-color
16.14.04: Indicolite
16.14.05: Paraiba
16.14.06: Rubellite
16.14.07: Tri-Color
16.15: Amber
16.16: Ammolite
16.17: Anatase
16.18: Andalusite
16.19: Apatite
16.20: Axinite
16.21: Azurite
16.22: Barite
16.23: Benitoite
16.24: Bowenite
16.25: Calcite
16.26: Charoite
16.27: Clinohumite
16.28: Copal
16.29: Coral
16.30: Danburite
16.31: Datolite
16.32: Diaspore
16.33: Dioptase
16.34: Ekanite
16.35: Enstatite
16.36: Fluorite
16.37: Obsidian
16.38: Goldstone
16.39: Hauyne
16.40: Hematite
16.41: Iolite
16.42: Jade
16.42.01: Jadeite
16.42.02: Nephrite
16.43: Jeremejevite
16.44: Kornerupine
16.45: Kyanite
16.46: Lapis Lazuli
16.47: Larimar
16.48: Malachite
16.49: Maw-sit-sit
16.50: Opal
16.50.01: Black Opal
16.50.02: Blue Peruvian Opal
16.50.03: Boulder Opal
16.50.04: Fire Opal
16.50.05: Pink Opal
16.51: Pearl
16.51.01: Sea of Cortez Pearl
16.51.02: Quahog
16.52: Pectolite
16.52.01: Larimar
16.53: Peridot
16.54: Phenakite
16.55: Pouretteite
16.56: Prehnite
16.57: Pyrite
16.58: Rhodochrosite
16.59: Sapphirine
16.60: Scapolite
16.61: Serendibite
16.62: Siderite
16.63: Sodalite
16.64: Hackmanite
16.65: Sphalerite
16.66: Sphene
16.67: Taaffeite
16.68: Topaz
16.69: Turquoise
16.70: Vesuvianite
16.70.01: Idocrase
16.70.02: Californite
16.71: Willemite
16.72: Zincite
16.73: Zircon
17: Lapidary Arts
17.01: Lapidary Arts
17.02: Faceting
17.03: Easy Combination Cutting MV