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Stellar Atmospheres

Nguồn ngoài

Stellar Atmospheres

This textbook presents a physics-based introduction to stellar atmospheres, covering radiation theory, blackbody radiation, and radiative transfer. It explains how absorption, scattering, and atomic processes shape stellar spectra, linking quantum mechanics and statistical physics to line formation, broadening, and limb darkening, and concludes with tools like the curve of growth for interpreting observations.

Astronomy CosmologyPhysics
Tác giả
Jeremy Tatum
Nhà xuất bản
University of Victoria
Nguồn
LibreTexts
Giấy phép
CC BY-NC
Ngôn ngữ
EN
Danh mục
Khoa học cơ bản
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Mục lục· 123 mục
  1. 01: Definitions of and Relations between Quantities used in Radiation Theory
  2. 1.01: Introduction to Radiation Theory
  3. 1.02: Radiant Flux or Radiant Power or P
  4. 1.03: Variation with Frequency or Wavelength
  5. 1.04: Radiant Intensity I
  6. 1.05: Per unit
  7. 1.06: Relation between Flux and Intensity
  8. 1.07: Absolute Magnitude
  9. 1.08: Normal Flux Density F
  10. 1.09: Apparent Magnitude
  11. 1.10: Irradiance E
  12. 1.11: Exitance M
  13. 1.12: Radiance L
  14. 1.13: Lambertian Surface
  15. 1.14: Relations between Flux Intensity Exitance Irradiance
  16. 1.15: A B
  17. 1.16: Radiation Density (u)
  18. 1.17: Radiation Density and Irradiance
  19. 1.18: Radiation Pressure (P)
  20. 02: Blackbody Radiation
  21. 2.01: Absorptance and the Definition of a Black Body
  22. 2.02: Radiation within a cavity enclosure
  23. 2.03: Kirchhoff's Law
  24. 2.04: An aperture as a black body
  25. 2.05: Planck's Equation
  26. 2.06: Wien's Law
  27. 2.07: Stefan's Law (The Stefan-Boltzmann Law)
  28. 2.08: A Thermodynamical Argument
  29. 2.09: Dimensionless forms of Planck's equation
  30. 2.10: Derivation of Wien's and Stefan's Laws
  31. 03: The Exponential Integral Function
  32. 04: Flux Specific Intensity and other Astrophysical Terms
  33. 4.01: Introduction
  34. 4.02: Luminosity
  35. 4.03: Specific Intensity
  36. 4.04: Flux
  37. 4.05: Mean Specific Intensity
  38. 4.06: Radiation Pressure
  39. 4.07: Other Integrals
  40. 4.08: Emission Coefficient
  41. 05: Absorption Scattering Extinction and the Equation of Transfer
  42. 5.01: Introduction
  43. 5.02: Absorption
  44. 5.03: Scattering Extinction and Opacity
  45. 5.04: Optical Depth
  46. 5.05: The Equation of Transfer
  47. 5.06: The Source Function (Die Ergiebigkeit)
  48. 5.07: A Series of Problems
  49. 5.08: Source function in scattering and absorbing atmospheres
  50. 5.09: More on the Equation of Transfer
  51. 06: Limb Darkening
  52. 6.01: Introduction. The Empirical Limb-darkening
  53. 6.02: Simple Models of the Atmosphere to Explain Limb Darkening
  54. 07: Atomic Spectroscopy
  55. 7.01: Introduction
  56. 7.02: A Very Brief History of Spectroscopy
  57. 7.03: The Hydrogen Spectrum
  58. 7.04: The Bohr Model of Hydrogen-like Atoms
  59. 7.05: One-dimensional Waves in a Stretched String
  60. 7.06: Vibrations of a Uniform Sphere
  61. 7.07: The Wave Nature of the Electron
  62. 7.08: Schrodinger's Equation
  63. 7.09: Solution of Schrodinger's Time-independent Equation for the Hydrogen Atom
  64. 7.10: Operators Eigenfunctions and Eigenvalues
  65. 7.11: Spin
  66. 7.12: Electron Configurations
  67. 7.13: LS-coupling
  68. 7.14: States Levels Terms Polyads etc.
  69. 7.15: Components Lines Multiplets etc.
  70. 7.16: Return to the Hydrogen Atom
  71. 7.17: How to recognize LS-coupling
  72. 7.18: Hyperfine Structure
  73. 7.19: Isotope effects
  74. 7.20: Orbiting and Spinning Charges
  75. 7.21: Zeeman effect
  76. 7.22: Paschen-Back Effect
  77. 7.23: Zeeman effect with nuclear spin
  78. 7.24: Selection rules
  79. 7.25: Some forbidden lines worth knowing
  80. 7.26: Stark Effect
  81. 08: Boltzmann's and Saha's Equations
  82. 8.01: Introduction
  83. 8.02: Stirling's Approximation. Lagrangian Multipliers.
  84. 8.03: Some Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
  85. 8.04: Boltzmann's Equation
  86. 8.05: Some Comments on Partition Functions
  87. 8.06: Saha's Equation
  88. 8.07: The Negative Hydrogen Ion
  89. 8.08: Autoionization and Dielectronic Recombination
  90. 8.09: Molecular Equilibrium
  91. 8.10: Thermodynamic Equilibrium
  92. 09: Oscillator Strengths and Related Topics
  93. 9.01: Introduction Radiance and Equivalent Width
  94. 9.02: Oscillator Strength. (die Oszillatorenstarke)
  95. 9.03: Einstein A Coefficient
  96. 9.04: Einstein B Coefficient
  97. 9.05: Line Strength
  98. 9.06: LS-coupling
  99. 9.07: Atomic hydrogen
  100. 9.08: Zeeman Components
  101. 9.09: Summary of Relations Between f A and S
  102. 10: Line Profiles
  103. 10.01: Natural Broadening (Radiation Damping)
  104. 10.02: Thermal Broadening
  105. 10.03: Microturbulence
  106. 10.04: Combination of Profiles
  107. 10.05: Pressure Broadening
  108. 10.06: Rotational Broadening
  109. 10.07: Instrumental Broadening
  110. 10.08: Other Line-Broadening Mechanisms
  111. 10.09: Appendix A- Convolution of Gaussian and Lorentzian Functions
  112. 10.10: APPENDIX B- Radiation Damping as Functions of Angular Frequency Frequency and Wavelength
  113. 10.11: APPENDIX C- Optical Thinness Homogeneity and Thermodynamic Equilibrium
  114. 11: Curve of Growth
  115. 11.01: Introduction to Curve of Growth
  116. 11.02: A Review of Some Terms
  117. 11.03: Theory of the Curve of Growth
  118. 11.04: Curve of Growth for Gaussian Profiles
  119. 11.05: Curve of Growth for Lorentzian Profiles
  120. 11.06: Curve of Growth for Voigt Profiles
  121. 11.07: Observational Curve of Growth
  122. 11.08: Interpreting an Optically Thick Profile
  123. 11.09: APPENDIX A- Evaluation of the Voigt Curve of Growth Integral