Nguồn ngoài

Essentials of Physiology for Nurse Anesthetists (Gopalan)

This textbook provides a comprehensive overview of key physiological systems relevant to nurse anesthetists, emphasizing their role in patient care and anesthesia management. It covers foundational topics such as cell physiology, neurophysiology, and the autonomic nervous system, which are critical for understanding nerve signaling, synaptic transmission, and muscle function—essential concepts in anesthesia.

Medicine

Tác giả: Chaya Gopalan
Nhà xuất bản: Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Giấy phép: CC BY-NC-SA
Ngôn ngữ: EN

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Mục lục· 234 mục

01: Cell Physiology
1.01: Objectives
1.02: The Cell Membrane
1.2.01: Structure and Composition of Cell Membrane
1.2.1.01: Membrane Lipids
1.2.1.02: Membrane Proteins
1.03: Membrane Transport
1.3.01: Passive Transport
1.3.02: Carrier-mediated Transport
1.3.03: Vesicular Transport
1.04: Electrical Activity of the Cell Membrane
1.4.01: Resting Membrane Potential
1.05: The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
1.5.01: Endoplasmic Reticulum
1.5.02: The Golgi Apparatus
1.5.03: Lysosomes
1.5.04: Mitochondria
1.5.05: Peroxisome
1.5.06: The Cytoskeleton
1.5.07: The Nucleus
1.5.08: Cell Junctions
1.06: Cellular Metabolism
1.6.01: Catabolic and Anabolic Reactions
1.6.02: Carbohydrate Metabolism
1.6.03: Protein Metabolism
1.6.04: Lipid Metabolism
1.07: References
02: Neurophysiology
2.01: Objectives
2.02: Introduction
2.03: Nervous Tissue
2.3.01: Neurons
2.3.02: Glial Cells of the CNS
2.3.03: Glial Cells of the PNS
2.3.04: Resting Membrane Potential
2.3.05: Voltage-gated Sodium and Potassium Ion Channels
2.3.06: Action Potential
2.3.07: Nerve Fiber Types
2.3.08: Synaptic Transmission
2.3.09: Postsynaptic Potential
2.3.10: Neurotransmitters
2.04: References
03: The Central Nervous System
3.01: Objectives
3.02: Introduction
3.03: Embryonic Development of the Brain and Spinal Cord
3.04: Protective Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
3.05: The Ventricles and the Central Canal
3.06: Cerebrospinal Fluid
3.07: Blood Supply to the Brain
3.08: The Brain
3.09: Memory
3.10: Sleep
3.11: The Spinal Cord
3.12: Nerves
3.13: Reflexes
3.14: References
04: Sensory Physiology
4.01: Objectives
4.02: Introduction
4.03: Sensory Receptors
4.04: Physiology of Pain
4.05: References
05: The Autonomic Nervous System
5.01: Objectives
5.02: Introduction
5.03: Comparison of Somatic and Autonomic Efferent Systems
5.04: Sympathetic Division of the Autonomic Nervous System
5.05: Parasympathetic Division of the Autonomic Nervous System
5.06: Chemical Signaling in the Autonomic Nervous System
5.07: Short and Long Reflexes
5.08: Dual Innervation
5.09: Autonomic Tone
5.10: Hypothalamic Regulation of the ANS
5.11: References
06: Physiology of Muscle and Bone Tissues
6.01: Objectives
6.02: Introduction
6.03: Muscle Tissue
6.04: Skeletal Muscle
6.05: Smooth Muscle
6.06: Bone Tissue
6.07: References
07: Endocrine Physiology
7.01: Objectives
7.02: Introduction
7.03: Chemical Signaling
7.04: Endocrine Glands
7.05: Types of Hormones
7.06: Hormone Transportation
7.07: Mechanisms of Hormone Action
7.08: Target Cell Response
7.09: Hyposecretion and Hypersecretion
7.10: Regulation of Hormone Secretion
7.11: The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
7.12: The Thyroid Gland
7.13: The Parathyroid Glands
7.14: Vitamin D (125-Dihydrocholecalciferol)
7.15: Adrenal Glands
7.16: The Endocrine Pancreas
7.17: References
08: The Blood
8.01: Objectives
8.02: Introduction
8.03: Functions of Blood
8.04: Composition of Blood
8.05: Characteristics of Blood
8.06: Blood Plasma
8.07: Hematopoiesis
8.08: Erythrocytes
8.09: Leukocytes
8.10: Platelets
8.11: Hemostasis
8.12: References
09: The Heart
9.01: Objectives
9.02: Introduction
9.03: Location of the Heart
9.04: The Pericardium
9.05: Layers of the Heart Wall
9.06: External Anatomy of the Heart
9.07: Internal Anatomy of the Heart
9.08: Blood Supply to the Heart
9.09: Cardiac Muscle
9.10: Conduction System of the Heart
9.11: Electrophysiology of Cardiac Pacemaker Cells
9.12: Electrophysiology of Cardiac Contractile Cells
9.13: Electrocardiogram (ECG)
9.14: Cardiac Cycle
9.15: Heart Rate Stroke Volume and Cardiac Output
9.16: Cardiac Reserve
9.17: References
10: Blood Vessels and Circulation
10.01: Objectives
10.02: Introduction
10.03: Systemic and Pulmonary Circuits
10.04: Vascular Network
10.05: Blood Flow Blood Pressure and Resistance
10.06: Measurement of Blood Pressure
10.07: Factors Affecting Blood Flow
10.08: Relationships among Vessels in the Systemic Circuit
10.09: Capillary Exchange
10.10: Venous Return
10.11: Neural Regulation of the Vascular System
10.12: References
11: Renal Physiology
11.01: Objectives
11.02: Introduction
11.03: External Anatomy of the Kidney
11.04: Internal Anatomy of the Kidney
11.05: Blood Supply to the Kidneys
11.06: Nephrons
11.07: Renal Innervation
11.08: Filtration Reabsorption and Secretion
11.09: Endocrine and Paracrine Regulation of Kidney Function
11.10: Renal Electrolyte Regulation
11.11: Renal Regulation of Nitrogenous Wastes
11.12: Elimination of Drugs and Hormones by the Kidneys
11.13: Diuretics
11.14: Physical Characteristics of Urine
11.15: Measurement of Renal Plasma Flow
11.16: Renal Clearance
11.17: References
12: Respiratory Physiology
12.01: Objectives
12.02: Introduction
12.03: Respiratory Anatomy
12.04: Mechanics of Breathing
12.05: Ventilation and Perfusion
12.06: Gas Exchange
12.07: Transport of Gases
12.08: Control of Breathing
12.09: References
13: Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance
13.01: Objectives
13.02: Introduction
13.03: Water Content Within the Body
13.04: Fluid Compartments in the Body
13.05: Composition of Body Fluids
13.06: Water Balance
13.07: Electrolyte Balance
13.08: Acid-Base Balance
13.09: References
14: Physiology of the Immune System
14.01: Objectives
14.02: Introduction
14.03: Lymphocytes
14.04: Primary (Central) Lymphoid Organs and Lymphocyte Development
14.05: Secondary (Peripheral) Lymphoid Organs
14.06: Barrier Defenses and Innate Immune Responses
14.07: The Adaptive Immune Response
14.08: References
15: Physiology of the Digestive System
15.01: Objectives
15.02: Introduction
15.03: Digestive Processes
15.04: Histology of the Alimentary Canal
15.05: Chemical Mediators of Digestion
15.06: Types of Movements in the Digestive Tract
15.07: The Mouth Pharynx and Esophagus
15.08: The Stomach
15.09: The Liver Pancreas and Gallbladder
15.10: The Small Intestine
15.11: The Large Intestine
15.12: Summary of Digestion and Absorption in the Alimentary Canal
15.13: References
16: Physiology of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems
16.01: Objectives
16.02: Introduction
16.03: Sexual Differentiation
16.04: Puberty
16.05: Overview of the Male Reproductive System
16.06: Overview of the Female Reproductive System
16.07: References
17: Physiology of Pregnancy
17.01: Objectives
17.02: Introduction
17.03: Fertilization
17.04: Transit of Sperm
17.05: Contact between Sperm and Oocyte
17.06: Zygote
17.07: Pre-implantation Embryonic Development
17.08: Implantation
17.09: Embryonic Membranes
17.10: Embryogenesis
17.11: Development of the Placenta
17.12: Organogenesis
17.13: The Fetal Circulatory System
17.14: Maternal Changes During Pregnancy
17.15: Autotransfusion
17.16: Physiology of Labor
17.17: Adjustments of the Infant at Birth and Postnatal Stages
17.18: Lactation
17.19: References