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Organic Chemistry Lab Textbook

Chemistry

Tác giả: Evan Joslin
Nhà xuất bản: Sewanee
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Giấy phép: CC BY-NC-SA
Ngôn ngữ: EN
Danh mục: Khoa học cơ bản

Đọc trực tuyến Tải PDF (nguồn mở)

Mục lục· 111 mục

01: General Information
1.01: Reading Drawing and Understanding- The Power of Visualization
1.02: Safety
1.03: Notebook
1.04: Chemical Hazards
1.4.01: Introduction to Hazards of Chemistry
1.4.02: Chemical Waste
02: Important Calculations
2.01: Important Calculations (Limiting Reagent)
2.02: Important Calculations (Theoretical Yield and Percent Yield)
03: General Techniques for Lab
3.01: Transferring and Weighting Methods
3.02: Drying Agents
3.03: Heating and Cooling Methods
3.3.01: Methods and Flammability
3.3.02: Controlled Boiling
3.3.03: Hotplates
3.3.04: Heating Mantles
3.3.05: Water Sand and Oil Baths
3.3.06: Cooling Baths
3.3.07: Reflux
04: Glassware and Equipment
4.01: Storing Samples (Parafilm)
4.02: Pictures of Glassware and Equipment
4.03: Ground Glass Joints
4.04: Hood and Clamping
4.05: Greasing Joints
4.06: Cleaning and Drying Glassware
05: Filtering Methods
5.01: Overview of Methods
5.02: Decanting
5.03: Gravity Filtration
5.04: Suction Filtration
06: Crystallization
6.01: Overview of Crystallization
6.02: Uses of Crystallization
6.2A: Reagent Purification
6.2B: Purification of Product Mixtures
6.03: Crystallization Theory
6.3A: Purification
6.3B: Cooling Slowly
6.3C: Using the Minimum Amount of Hot Solvent
6.3D: The Unavoidable Loss of Recovery
6.04: Choice of Solvent
6.4A: Ideal Temperature Profile
6.4B: General Procedures for Removing Impurities
6.05: Procedural Generalities
6.5A: General Procedure
6.5B: Initiating Crystallization
6.5C: Cooling Slowly
6.06: Step-by-Step Procedures
6.6A: Single Solvent Crystallization
6.6B: Crystallization Summary
6.6C: Using Solvents Other Than Water
6.6D: Troubleshooting
07: Melting Point
7.01: Overview of Melting Point
7.02: Uses of Melting Points
7.03: Melting Point Theory
7.04: Step-by-Step Procedures for Melting Point Determination
08: Extraction
8.01: Prelude to Extraction
8.02: Overview of Extraction
8.03: Uses of Extraction
8.04: Which Layer is Which
8.05: Extraction Theory
8.06: Common Extraction Washes
8.07: Step-by-Step Procedures For Extractions (Large Scale)
8.08: Step-by-Step Procedures For Extractions (Microscale)
8.09: Acid-Base Extraction
09: Chromatography
9.01: Prelude to Chromatography
9.02: Chromatography Generalities
9.2A: Overview of Chromatography
9.2B: General Separation Theory
9.03: Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)
9.3A: Overview of TLC
9.3B: Uses of TLC
9.3C: The Retention Factor
9.3D: Separation Theory
9.3E: Step-by-Step Procedures for Thin Layer Chromatography
9.3F: Visualizing TLC Plates
9.04: Column Chromatography
9.4A: Macroscale Columns
9.4B: Microscale (Pipette) Columns
10: Stereoisomers
10.01: Chiral Molecules
10.02: Optical Activity
10.03: Absolute Configuration- R-S Sequence Rules
10.04: Molecules Incorporating Several Stereocenters- Diastereomers
11: Distillation
11.01: Overview of Distillation
11.02: Simple Distillation
11.2A: Uses of Simple Distillation
11.2B: Separation Theory
11.2C: Step-by-Step Procedures
11.2D: Microscale Distillation
11.03: Steam Distillation
11.3A: Overview of Steam Distillation
11.3B: Uses of Steam Distillation
11.3C: Separation Theory
11.3D: Step-by-Step Procedures for Steam Distillation
12: Aldehydes and Ketones - The Carbonyl Group
12.01: Structure of the Carbonyl Group
12.02: Oxidation of Aldehydes and Ketones
12.03: Reduction of Carbonyls to Alcohols Using Metal Hydrides
12.04: Spectroscopic Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones
13: IR Spectroscopy
13.01: Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy
13.02: Interpreting IR Spectra
14: Halogenation of Alkenes - Addition of X