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Human Anatomy Laboratory Manual (Hartline)

A textbook for undergraduate Human Anatomy instructional laboratories. Each chapter contains background information, clear and understandable diagrams and images, hands-on and collaborative laboratory activities, and assignment questions. Updated 2026.

Biology

Tác giả: Rosanna Hartline
Nhà xuất bản: Lemoore College
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Giấy phép: CC BY-NC-SA
Ngôn ngữ: EN
Danh mục: Khoa học cơ bản

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Mục lục· 200 mục

01: Introduction to Anatomy and Anatomical Terms
1.01: Introduction
1.02: Anatomical Position
1.03: Directional Terms
1.04: Planes Sections
1.05: Anatomical Adjectives for Body Locations
1.06: Abdominopelvic Regions and Abdominopelvic Quadrants
1.07: Video Overview of Anatomical Position Directional Terms Planes Sections Anatomical Adjectives Abdominal Regions and Abdominal Quadrants
1.08: Body Cavities
1.09: Serosa (Serous Membranes)
1.10: Laboratory Activities and Assignment
1.11: Collaborative Study Activities
02: Introduction to Microscopes
2.01: Introduction
2.02: Introduction to the Metric System
2.03: Light Microscopy (LM)
2.04: Electron Microscopy (EM)
2.05: Use of Compound Light Microscopes for Anatomy Laboratories
2.06: Laboratory Activities and Assignment
03: Cell Structure and Cell Types
3.01: Introduction
3.02: Subcellular Structures
3.03: Cell-to-Cell Junctions Hold Cells Together In Tissues
3.04: Cell Structure Varies by Cell Type
3.05: Laboratory Activities and Assignment
3.06: Collaborative Study Activity
04: How Cells Divide (Mitotic Cell Division)
4.01: Introduction to Cell Division
4.02: The Life of a Cell
4.03: Mitotic Cell Division- Division of the Nucleus (Mitosis) Division of the Cytoplasm (Cytokinesis)
4.04: Uncontrolled Cell Divisions Create Tumors including Cancers
4.05: Laboratory Activities and Assignment
4.06: Collaborative Study Activity
05: Tissues
5.01: Introduction
5.02: Epithelial Tissues
5.03: Connective Tissues
5.3.01: Introduction to Connective Tissues
5.3.02: Connective Tissue Proper
5.3.03: Bone Tissue
5.3.04: Fluid Tissues
5.3.05: Cartilage Tissues
5.04: Muscle Tissues
5.05: Nervous Tissues
5.06: Laboratory Activities and Assignment
5.07: Collaborative Study Activity
06: Integumentary System
6.01: Introduction
6.02: Anatomy of the Skin
6.03: Secondary Structures of the Skin
6.04: Anatomy of the Nails
6.05: Laboratory Activities and Assignment
6.06: Collaborative Study Activity
07: Introduction to the Skeletal System
7.01: Introduction
7.02: Osseous Tissue (Bone Tissue)
7.03: Axial Skeleton and Appendicular Skeleton
7.04: Bone Shape Classifications
7.05: Anatomy of a Long Bone
7.06: Bone Markings
7.07: Cartilage
7.08: Laboratory Activities and Assignment
08: Axial Skeleton
8.01: Introduction
8.02: Skull
8.2.01: Exterior of the Cranium
8.2.02: Interior of the Cranium
8.2.03: Markings of the Cranium
8.2.04: Face
8.03: Hyoid Bone
8.04: Auditory Ossicles
8.05: Vertebral Column
8.5.01: Introduction to the Vertebral Column
8.5.02: Generalized Structure and Markings of Vertebrae
8.5.03: Cervical Vertebrae
8.5.04: Thoracic Vertebrae
8.5.05: Lumbar Vertebrae
8.5.06: Sacrum and Coccyx
8.5.07: Intervertebral Foramina
8.5.08: Intervertebral Discs
8.5.09: Clinical Application - Whiplash
8.06: Thoracic Cage
8.07: Additional Reference Figures
8.08: Laboratory Activities and Assignment
8.09: Collaborative Study Activities
09: Appendicular Skeleton
9.01: Introduction
9.02: Shoulder Girdle Pectoral Girdle
9.03: Upper Limb
9.04: Pelvic Girdle
9.05: Lower Limb
9.06: Additional Reference Figures
9.07: Laboratory Activities and Assignment
9.08: Collaborative Study Activities
10: Articulations (Joints) and Movements
10.01: Articulations (Joints)
10.02: Body Movements
10.03: Additional Reference Figures
10.04: Laboratory Activities and Assignment
11: Introduction to Skeletal Muscles
11.01: Introduction
11.02: Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles
11.03: Macroscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles
11.04: Laboratory Activities and Assignment
12: The Skeletal Muscles
12.01: Introduction
12.02: Muscles of the Head and Neck
12.03: Muscles of the Anterior Trunk
12.04: Muscles of the Posterior Trunk
12.05: Muscles of the Upper Limbs
12.06: Muscles of the Hips and Lower Limbs
12.07: Actions Origins and Insertions of the Skeletal Muscles
12.08: Laboratory Activities and Assignment
12.09: Collaborative Study Activities
13: Introduction to the Nervous System
13.01: Introduction
13.02: Neurons
13.03: Nerves are Bundles of Neuron Axons in the PNS
13.04: Glia (Neuroglia) Cells
13.05: Laboratory Activities and Assignment
14: Central Nervous System
14.01: Brain
14.02: Sheep Brain Dissection
14.03: Spinal Cord
14.04: Additional Reference Figures
14.05: Laboratory Activities and Assignment
14.06: Collaborative Study Activities
15: Peripheral Nervous System
15.01: Introduction
15.02: Cranial Nerves
15.03: Spinal Nerves
15.04: Additional Reference Figures
15.05: Laboratory Activities and Assignment
15.06: Collaborative Study Activities
16: Special Senses of the Nervous System
16.01: Introduction
16.02: Vision Anatomy
16.03: Auditory and Equilibrium Anatomy
16.04: Olfactory Anatomy
16.05: Taste Anatomy
16.06: Laboratory Activities and Assignment
16.07: Collaborative Study Activities
17: Cardiovascular System - The Heart
17.01: Introduction
17.02: Location Size and Shape of the Heart
17.03: Vessels of the Heart
17.04: Layers of the Heart
17.05: Internal Structures of the Heart
17.06: Circulation Through the Heart
17.07: Coronary Circulation
17.08: Heart Abnormalities and Treatments
17.09: Laboratory Activities and Assignment
17.10: Collaborative Study Activities
18: Cardiovascular System - The Blood Vessels
18.01: Introduction
18.02: Structures of Blood Vessels
18.03: Branches of the Aorta
18.04: Arteries of the Head and Neck
18.05: Arteries of the Upper Limb
18.06: Arteries of the Lower Limb
18.07: Branches of the Vena Cavae
18.08: Veins of the Head and Neck
18.09: Veins of the Upper Limb
18.10: Veins of the Lower Limb
18.11: Cadaver Images of Blood Vessels
18.12: Laboratory Activities and Assignment
18.13: Collaborative Study Activities
19: Respiratory System
19.01: Introduction
19.02: Upper Respiratory Tract
19.03: Lower Respiratory Tract
19.04: Laboratory Activities and Assignment
19.05: Collaborative Study Activities
20: Digestive System
20.01: Introduction
20.02: Histology of the Alimentary Canal
20.03: Serosa
20.04: Oral Cavity
20.05: Esophagus and Stomach
20.06: Duodenum Pancreas Liver and Gallbladder
20.07: Small Intestine
20.08: Colon (Large Intestine) Rectum and Anus
20.09: Laboratory Activities and Assignment
20.10: Collaborative Study Activities
21: Urinary System
21.01: Introduction
21.02: Kidneys
21.03: Microscopic Structures of the Kidneys - Nephrons
21.04: Ureters
21.05: Urinary Bladder
21.06: Urethra
21.07: Laboratory Activities and Assignment
21.08: Collaborative Study Activities
22: Reproductive Systems
22.01: Introduction
22.02: Female Reproductive System (Internal)
22.03: Female Reproductive System (External)
22.04: Male Reproductive System
22.05: Laboratory Activities and Assignment
22.06: Collaborative Study Activities