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Fundamentals of American Criminal Justice

Fundamentals of American Criminal Justice (LibreTexts OER) introduces crime, deviance, and lawmaking (interactionist, consensus, conflict). It overviews policing, courts, and corrections, plus due process vs. crime control, case flow, media influence, victims, and crime types. It explains measuring crime (dark figure, UCR/NIBRS, NCVS, self-reports), criminal law and punishment, policy and evidence-based practice, criminological theory, community corrections, and juvenile justice.

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Tác giả: Lisa C. Bowman-Bowen & Jamie O'Reilly
Nhà xuất bản: Coastal Bend College
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Giấy phép: CC BY-SA
Ngôn ngữ: EN

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Mục lục· 120 mục

01: Crime Criminal Justice and Criminology
1.01: Crime and the Criminal Justice System
1.02: Deviance Rule Violations and Criminality
1.03: Social Norms- Folkways Mores Taboo and Laws
1.04: Interactionist View
1.05: Consensus View and Decriminalizing Laws
1.06: Conflict View
1.07: The Three Cs- Cops Courts and Corrections
1.08: The Crime Control and Due Process Models
1.09: How Cases Move Through the System
1.10: Media Coverage of Crimes
1.11: Wedding Cake Model of Justice
1.12: Street Crime Corporate Crime and White-Collar Crime
1.13: Different Types of Crimes and Offenses
1.14: Victims and Victim Typologies
1.15: Victim Rights and Assistance
02: Defining and Measuring Crime and Criminal Justice
2.01: Dark or Hidden Figure of Crime
2.02: Official Statistics
2.03: Victimization Studies
2.04: Self-Report Statistics
2.05: Misusing Statistics
03: Criminal Law
3.01: Functions and Limitations of Law
3.02: Civil Criminal and Moral Wrongs
3.03: Sources of Criminal Law - Federal and State Constitutions
3.04: Sources of Criminal Law - Statutes Ordinances and Other Legislative Enactments
3.05: Sources of Law - Administrative Law Common Law Case Law and Court Rules
3.06: Classifications of Law
3.07: Substantive Law - Defining Crimes Inchoate Liability Accomplice Liability and Defenses
3.08: Substantive Law - Punishment- Incarceration and Confinement Sanctions
3.09: Substantive Law - Physical Punishment Sentences
3.10: Substantive Law - Monetary Punishment Sentences
3.11: Substantive Law - Community-Based Sentences
3.12: Procedural Law
04: Criminal Justice Policy
4.01: Importance of Policy in Criminal Justice
4.02: The Myth of Moral Panics
4.03: The Stages of Policy Development
4.04: Importance of Evidence Based Practices
4.05: Re-Evaluating Policy
05: Criminological Theory
5.01: What is Theory
5.02: What Makes a Good Theory
5.03: Pre-Classical Theory
5.04: Classical School
5.05: Neoclassical
5.06: Positivist Criminology
5.07: Biological and Psychological Positivism
5.08: The Chicago School
5.09: Strain Theories
5.10: Learning Theories
5.11: Control Theories
5.12: Other Criminological Theories
06: Policing
6.01: Policing in Ancient Times
6.02: Sir Robert Peel
6.03: Policing Eras
6.04: Levels of Policing and Role of Police
6.05: Recruitment and Hiring in Policing
6.06: Recruitment and Hiring Websites for Future Careers
6.07: Police Misconduct Accountability and Corruption
6.08: Current Issues - Police Shootings
6.09: Current Issues - Use of Force and Vehicle Pursuits
6.10: Current Issues- Stereotypes in Policing
6.11: Current Issues - Accountability
6.12: Current Issues - Internal Affairs and Discipline
6.13: Current Issues - Body Cameras
6.14: Myth - Police Only Write Speeding Tickets to Harass Citizens and it is Entrapment
07: Courts
7.01: Introduction to the U.S. Court System
7.02: Jurisdiction
7.03: Structure of the Courts - The Dual Court and Federal Court System
7.04: Structure of the Courts- State Courts
7.05: American Trial Courts and the Principle of Orality
7.06: The Appeals Process Standard of Review and Appellate Decisions
7.07: Federal Appellate Review of State Cases
7.08: Courtroom Players - Judges and Court Staff
7.09: Courtroom Players - Prosecutors
7.10: Courtroom Workgroup- Defense Attorneys
08: Corrections
8.01: A Brief History of The Philosophies of Punishment
8.02: Retribution
8.03: Deterrence
8.04: Rehabilitation
8.05: Prisons and Jails
8.06: A Brief History of Prisons and Jails
8.07: Types of Jails
8.08: Who Goes to Jail
8.09: Growth of Prisons in the United States
8.10: Types of Prisons
8.11: Prison Levels
8.12: Who Goes to Prison
09: Community Corrections
9.01: Diversion
9.02: Intermediate Sanctions
9.03: Probation
9.04: Drug Courts
9.05: Halfway Houses
9.06: House Arrest
9.07: Community Residential Facilities
9.08: Restorative Justice
9.09: Parole
9.10: Current Issues in Corrections
9.11: Current Issues in Corrections - Mass Incarceration
9.12: Current Issues in Corrections - War on Drugs and Gangs
9.13: Current Issues in Corrections- Aging and Overcrowding
9.14: Current Issues in Corrections- Reentry and the Future of Corrections
10: Juvenile Justice
10.01: Youth Crime
10.02: Juvenile Justice
10.03: History of the Juvenile Justice System
10.04: Delinquency
10.05: Juvenile Justice Process
10.06: Due Process in the Juvenile Court
10.07: The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974
10.08: Getting Tough - Initiatives for Punishment and Accountability
10.09: Returning to Rehabilitation in the Contemporary Juvenile Justice System
10.10: The Structure of the Juvenile Justice System
10.11: Juvenile Institutions