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Introduction to Chemistry

This text is intended for a one-semester introductory course in chemistry for non-science and allied health majors, as well as for students planning to take additional courses in chemistry. Topics include matter, measurement, atomic theory, bonding theory, nomenclature, organic chemistry, stoichiometry and the mole concept, reactions, states of matter, solutions, and acid-base chemistry. (Animated GIF: Faith Holland via Giphy)

Chemistry

Tác giả: Lance Lund
Nhà xuất bản: Anoka-Ramsey Community College
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Ngôn ngữ: EN
Danh mục: Khoa học cơ bản

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Mục lục· 189 mục

01: What is Chemistry
1.01: The Scope of Chemistry
1.02: Chemistry in Agriculture
1.03: Chemistry and the Environment
1.04: Chemistry and Society
1.05: For Future Use
1.06: Exercises
02: Measurements
2.01: Taking Measurements
2.02: Scientific Notation
2.03: Significant Figures
2.04: Significant Figures in Calculations
2.05: The Metric System
2.06: Dimensional Analysis
2.07: Multi-Step Conversions
2.08: Units Raised to a Power
2.09: Density
2.10: For Future Use
2.11: Exercises
03: Matter and Energy
3.01: What is Matter
3.02: Physical States of Matter
3.03: Composition of Matter
3.04: Physical and Chemical Properties
3.05: Physical and Chemical Changes
3.06: Conservation of Mass
3.07: Energy
3.08: Energy and Chemical and Physical Change
3.09: Temperature
3.10: For Future Use
3.11: Exercises
04: Atoms and Elements
4.01: Cutting Aluminum Until You Get Atoms
4.02: Early Atomic Theory
4.03: Discovery of the Nucleus
4.04: Protons Neutrons and Electrons
4.05: Chemical Symbols and the Atomic Number
4.06: The Periodic Table
4.07: Isotopes and Mass Numbers
4.08: Atomic Mass
4.09: Ion Formation
4.10: For Future Use
4.11: Exercises
05: Chemical Nomenclature
5.01: Elements Combine to Form Compounds
5.02: Chemical Formulas
5.03: A Closer Look at Elements and Compounds
5.04: Classification of Compounds
5.05: Binary Ionic Compounds
5.06: Ions With Variable Charges
5.07: Ionic Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions
5.08: Binary Molecular Compounds
5.09: Acids
5.10: Nomenclature Summary
5.11: For Future Use
5.12: Exercises
06: Chemical Composition
6.01: The Mole
6.02: Molecular Mass and Formula Mass
6.03: Counting Objects By Weighing
6.04: Molar Mass
6.05: Mole Calculations
6.06: Counting Particles By Weighing
6.07: Using Chemical Formulas as Conversion Factors
6.08: Percent-By-Mass Composition
6.09: Mass Percent Composition from a Chemical Formula
6.10: For Future Use
6.11: Exercises
07: Chemical Reactions
7.01: Whiz Bang
7.02: Evidence of a Chemical Reaction
7.03: Chemical Equations
7.04: Balancing Chemical Equations
7.05: Classifying Chemical Reactions
7.06: Combustion Reactions
7.07: Solubility Rules for Ionic Compounds
7.08: Precipitation Reactions
7.09: Acid-Base and Gas Evolution Reactions
7.10: For Future Use
7.11: Exercises
08: Stoichiometry
8.01: Climate Science And Carbon Dioxide
8.02: An Automobile Factory
8.03: Stoichiometry and the Molar Interpretation
8.04: Molar Ratios and Mole-to-Mole Conversions
8.05: Mass-to-Mass Conversions
8.06: Limiting Reactants and Excess Reactants
8.07: Theoretical Yield and Percent Yield
8.08: For Future Use
8.09: Exercises
09: Gases
9.01: Straws
9.02: Kinetic Molecular Theory
9.03: Gas Pressure
9.04: Pressure and Volume
9.05: Volume and Temperature
9.06: Pressure and Temperature
9.07: The Combined Gas Law
9.08: For Future Use
9.09: Exercises
10: Electrons in Atoms
10.01: Waves
10.02: The Electromagnetic Spectrum
10.03: Emission Spectra
10.04: The Bohr Model
10.05: Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Orbitals
10.06: Valence Electrons
10.07: Periodic Trends
10.08: For Future Use
10.09: Exercises
11: Chemical Bonding
11.01: Valence Electrons and the Periodic Table
11.02: Representing Valence Electrons with Dots
11.03: Ionic Bonds
11.04: Covalent Bonds
11.05: Multiple Covalent Bonds
11.06: Writing Lewis Structures for Molecular Compounds
11.07: Predicting the Shapes of Molecules
11.08: Templates Page for Lewis Diagrams
11.09: For Future Use
11.10: Exercises
12: Organic Chemistry
12.01: Organic Chemistry
12.02: Hydrocarbons
12.03: Alkanes
12.04: Branched Alkanes
12.05: Alkenes and Alkynes
12.06: Oxygen-Containing Organic Compounds
12.07: Alcohols Aldehydes Carboxylic Acids and Ketones
12.08: Esters
12.09: Ethers
12.10: For Future Use
12.11: Exercises
13: States of Matter
13.01: Phase Properties
13.02: Evaporation and Condensation
13.03: Melting Freezing Sublimation and Deposition
13.04: Energetics of Phase Changes
13.05: Electronegativity and Polarity
13.06: Polarity and Properties
13.07: Intermolecular Forces
13.08: For Future Use
13.09: Exercises
14: Solutions
14.01: Cameroon Tragedy
14.02: Solution Terminology
14.03: Aqueous Solutions of Solids
14.04: Solutions of Gases in Water
14.05: Solution Concentration Measurements
14.06: Molarity
14.07: Solution Dilution
14.08: Colligative Properties of Solutions
14.09: For Future Use
14.10: Exercises
15: Acids and Bases
15.01: Properties of Acids and Bases
15.02: Common Acids and Their Uses
15.03: Common Bases and Their Uses
15.04: Acids and Bases Defined
15.05: Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
15.06: Water as an Acid and as a Base
15.07: An Introduction to pH
15.08: pH and pOH Calculations
15.09: Reactions of Acids and Bases
15.10: For Future Use
15.11: Exercises
16: Environmental Chemistry
16.01: Chemistry is Good...and Unavoidable
16.02: Chemistry and the Environment
16.03: The Air We Breathe
16.04: Air Pollution
16.05: Photochemical Smog
16.06: Clean Air
16.07: Global Warming
16.08: Climate Change An Effect of Global Warming
16.09: Climate Mitigation Strategies
16.10: Water
16.11: Groundwater Contamination
16.12: Water Purification
16.13: Acid Rain
16.14: For Future Use
16.15: Exercises
17: Appendix
17.01: Periodic Tables
17.02: Conversions and Constants
17.03: For Future Use
17.04: For Future Use
17.05: Practice Exercises by Chapter
17.06: Link Generator for Use Outside LibreTexts