Nguồn ngoài

UBC Introductory Chemistry

Chemistry

Tác giả: Jeanette Leeuwner
Nhà xuất bản: University of British Columbia
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Ngôn ngữ: EN
Danh mục: Khoa học cơ bản

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Mục lục· 125 mục

01: Units and Measure
1.01: Scientific Notation - Writing Large and Small Numbers
1.02: Significant Figures - Writing Numbers to Reflect Precision
1.03: Significant Figures in Calculations
1.04: The Basic Units of Measurement
1.05: Problem Solving and Unit Conversions
1.06: Solving Multistep Conversion Problems
1.07: Units Raised to a Power
02: Naming and Composition
2.01: A Molecular View of Elements and Compounds
2.02: Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds
2.03: Nomenclature- Naming Compounds
2.04: Naming Ionic Compounds
2.05: Naming Molecular Compounds
2.06: Naming Acids
2.07: Nomenclature Summary
2.08: Formula Mass- The Mass of a Molecule or Formula Unit
2.09: Counting Atoms by the Gram
2.10: Counting Molecules by the Gram
2.11: Chemical Formulas as Conversion Factors
2.12: Mass Percent Composition of Compounds
2.13: Mass Percent Composition from a Chemical Formula
2.14: Calculating Empirical Formulas for Compounds
2.15: Calculating Molecular Formulas for Compounds
03: Reactions and Stoichiometry
3.01: Chemical Equations
3.02: How to Write Balanced Chemical Equations
3.03: Stoichiometry
3.04: Mole-to-Mole Conversions
3.05: Making Molecules- Mole to Mass (or vice versa) and Mass-to-Mass Conversions
3.06: Limiting Reactant and Theoretical Yield
3.07: Limiting Reactant Theoretical Yield and Percent Yield from Initial Masses of Reactants
3.08: Enthalpy Change is a Measure of the Heat Evolved or Absorbed
04: Gases
4.01: Kinetic Molecular Theory- A Model for Gases
4.02: Pressure- The Result of Constant Molecular Collisions
4.03: Boyles Law- Pressure and Volume
4.04: Charless Law- Volume and Temperature
4.05: Gay-Lussac's Law- Temperature and Pressure
4.06: The Combined Gas Law- Pressure Volume and Temperature
4.07: Avogadros Law- Volume and Moles
4.08: The Ideal Gas Law- Pressure Volume Temperature and Moles
4.09: Mixtures of Gases - Why Deep-Sea Divers Breathe a Mixture of Helium and Oxygen
05: Solutions
5.01: Aqueous Solutions and Solubility - Compounds Dissolved in Water
5.02: Precipitation Reactions
5.03: Writing Chemical Equations for Reactions in Solution- Molecular Complete Ionic and Net Ionic Equations
5.04: Solution Concentration- Molarity
5.05: Solution Dilution
5.06: Solution Stoichiometry
06: Atomic Structure and Periodic Trends
6.01: The Properties of Protons Neutrons and Electrons
6.02: Elements- Defined by Their Number of Protons
6.03: Looking for Patterns- The Periodic Table
6.04: Ions - Losing and Gaining Electrons
6.05: Isotopes - When the Number of Neutrons Varies
6.06: Atomic Mass- The Average Mass of an Elements Atoms
6.07: The Quantum-Mechanical Model- Atoms with Orbitals
6.08: Quantum-Mechanical Orbitals and Electron Configurations
6.09: Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
6.10: The Explanatory Power of the Quantum-Mechanical Model
6.11: Periodic Trends- Atomic Size Ionization Energy and Metallic Character
07: Bonding and Intermolecular Forces
7.01: Representing Valence Electrons with Dots
7.02: Lewis Structures of Ionic Compounds- Electrons Transferred
7.03: Covalent Lewis Structures- Electrons Shared
7.04: Writing Lewis Structures for Covalent Compounds
7.05: Resonance - Equivalent Lewis Structures for the Same Molecule
7.06: Predicting the Shapes of Molecules
7.07: Electronegativity and Polarity- Why Oil and Water Dont Mix
7.08: Interactions between Molecules
7.09: Evaporation and Condensation
7.10: Melting Freezing and Sublimation
7.11: Intermolecular Forces- Dispersion DipoleDipole Hydrogen Bonding and Ion-Dipole
08: Organic Chemistry
8.01: Drawing Chemical Structures
8.02: Alkanes- Saturated Hydrocarbons
8.03: Alkenes and Alkynes
8.04: Hydrocarbon Reactions
8.05: Aromatic Hydrocarbons
8.06: Functional Groups
8.07: Alcohols
8.08: Aldehydes and Ketones
8.09: Carboxylic Acids and Esters
8.10: Ethers
8.11: Amines
8.12: Isomers
09: Reaction Kinetics
9.01: Rate of a Chemical Reaction
9.02: The Rate Law- The Effect of Concentration on Reaction Rate
9.03: The Integrated Rate Law- The Dependence of Concentration on Time
9.04: The Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rate
9.05: Reaction Mechanisms
9.06: Catalysis
10: Acids and Bases
10.01: Acids- Properties and Examples
10.02: Bases- Properties and Examples
10.03: Molecular Definitions of Acids and Bases
10.04: Reactions of Acids and Bases
10.05: AcidBase Titration
10.06: Strong and Weak Acids and Acid Ionization Constant (left( K texta right))
10.07: Strong and Weak Bases and Base Ionization Constant (left( K textb right))
10.08: Relationship between Ka Kb pKa and pKb
10.09: Calculating Ka and Kb
10.10: Water - Acid and Base in One
10.11: The pH and pOH Scales - Ways to Express Acidity and Basicity
10.12: Buffers are Solutions that Resist pH Change
11: Chemical Equilibrium
11.01: The Concept of Dynamic Equilibrium
11.02: The Equilibrium Constant (K)
11.03: Expressing the Equilibrium Constant in Terms of Pressure
11.04: Calculating the Equilibrium Constant From Measured Equilibrium Concentrations
11.05: Heterogenous Equilibria - Reactions Involving Solids and Liquids
11.06: The Reaction Quotient- Predicting the Direction of Change
11.07: Finding Equilibrium Concentrations
11.08: Le Chateliers Principle- How a System at Equilibrium Responds to Disturbances
12: Oxidation and Reduction
12.01: Oxidation States - Electron Bookkeeping
12.02: Oxidation and Reduction- Some Definitions
12.03: Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations
12.04: Voltaic (or Galvanic) Cells- Generating Electricity from Spontaneous Chemical Reactions
12.05: Standard Reduction Potentials
12.06: Batteries- Using Chemistry to Generate Electricity
12.07: Electrolysis- Driving Non-spontaneous Chemical Reactions with Electricity
12.08: Corrosion- Undesirable Redox Reactions