Nguồn ngoài

Introductory Biochemistry

Chemistry

Tác giả: Theodore Chan
Nhà xuất bản: Fullerton College
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Ngôn ngữ: EN
Danh mục: Khoa học cơ bản

Đọc trực tuyến Tải PDF (nguồn mở)

Mục lục· 198 mục

01: Organic Chemistry - Alkanes and Halogenated Hydrocarbons
1.01: Prelude to Organic Chemistry - Alkanes and Halogenated Hydrocarbons
1.02: Organic Chemistry
1.03: Branched-Chain Alkanes
1.04: Structures and Names of Alkanes
1.05: Condensed Structural and Line-Angle Formulas
1.06: IUPAC Nomenclature
1.07: Halogenated Hydrocarbons
1.08: Cycloalkanes
1.09: Physical Properties of Alkanes
1.10: Chemical Properties of Alkanes
1.11: Organic Chemistry
1.12: Organic Chemistry- Alkanes and Halogenated Hydrocarbons (Summary)
1.13: Organic Chemistry- Alkanes and Halogenated Hydrocarbons (Exercises)
02: Unsaturated and Aromatic Hydrocarbons
2.01: Prelude to Unsaturated and Aromatic Hydrocarbons
2.02: Alkenes- Structures and Names
2.03: Cis-Trans Isomers (Geometric Isomers)
2.04: Physical Properties of Alkenes
2.05: Chemical Properties of Alkenes
2.06: Polymers
2.07: Alkynes
2.08: Aromatic Compounds- Benzene
2.09: Structure and Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds
2.E: Unsaturated and Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Exercises)
2.S: Unsaturated and Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Summary)
03: Alcohols Ethers and Thiols
3.01: Prelude to Organic Compounds of Oxygen
3.02: Organic Compounds with Functional Groups
3.03: Alcohols - Nomenclature and Classification
3.04: Physical Properties of Alcohols
3.05: Redox Reactions in Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
3.06: Reactions that Form Alcohols
3.07: Reactions of Alcohols
3.08: Glycols and Glycerol
3.09: Phenols
3.10: Ethers
3.11: Organic Sulfur Compounds
3.E: Organic Compounds of Oxygen (Exercises)
04: Aldehydes and Ketones
4.01: Aldehydes and Ketones- Structure and Names
4.02: Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones
4.03: Addition Reactions for Aldehydes and Ketones
05: Organic Acids and Some of Their Derivatives
5.01: Prelude to Organic Acids and Bases and Some of Their Derivatives
5.02: Carboxylic Acids - Structures and Names
5.03: The Formation of Carboxylic Acids
5.04: Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids
5.05: Chemical Properties of Carboxylic Acids- Ionization and Neutralization
5.06: Esters - Structures and Names
5.07: Physical Properties of Esters
5.08: Preparation of Esters
5.09: Hydrolysis of Esters
5.10: Esters of Phosphoric Acid
06: Organic Bases and Some of Their Derivatives
6.01: Amines - Structures and Names
6.02: Amines as Bases
6.03: Physical Properties of Amines
6.04: Formation of Amides
6.05: Amides- Structures and Names
6.06: Physical Properties of Amides
6.07: Chemical Properties of Amides- Hydrolysis
6.S: Organic Acids and Bases and Some of Their Derivatives (Summary)
07: Conformations and Stereochemistry
7.01: Chirality and stereoisomers
7.02: Fischer and Haworth projections
7.03: Exercises on Bond Line Structures Drawing and Isomers
7.04: Solutions to 7.3 Problems
08: In The Beginning
8.01: Introduction - Basic Chemistry
8.02: Introduction - Water and Buffers
8.03: Prelude to Structure and Function
09: Acids and Bases
9.01: Introduction
9.02: Arrhenius Acids and Bases
9.03: Brnsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
9.04: Strong and Weak Acids and Bases and their Salts
9.05: Autoionization of Water
9.06: The pH Scale
9.07: Acid-Base Titrations
9.08: Buffers
9.09: Acids Bases pH and Buffers- Questions
10: Amino Acids Proteins and Enzymes
10.01: Prelude to Amino Acids Proteins and Enzymes
10.02: Properties of Amino Acids
10.03: Reactions of Amino Acids
10.04: Structure and Function - Amino Acids
10.05: Peptides
10.06: Proteins
10.07: Proteins
10.08: Enzymes
10.09: Enzyme Activity
10.10: Enzyme Action
10.11: Enzyme Inhibition
10.12: Enzyme Cofactors and Vitamins
10.13: Basic Principles of Catalysis
10.14: Control of Enzymatic Activity
10.15: Mechanisms of Catalysis
10.E: Amino Acids Proteins and Enzymes (Exercises)
10.S: Amino Acids Proteins and Enzymes (Summary)
11:9 Solutions
11.01: Prelude to Solutions
11.02: Solutions
11.03: Concentration
11.04: The Dissolution Process
11.05: Solubility Rules
11.06: Molecular and Ionic Equations
11.07: Net Ionic Equations
11.08: Osmosis and Diffusion
11.9: Homework Solutions
11.09: Solutions Colloids and Membranes- Questions
11.S: Solutions (Summary)
12: Carbohydrates
12.01: Prelude to Carbohydrates
12.02: Carbohydrates
12.03: Classes of Monosaccharides
12.04: Important Hexoses
12.4.01: Fructose
12.4.02: Galactose
12.05: Properties of Monosaccharides
12.06: Cyclic Structures of Monosaccharides
12.07: Disaccharides
12.7.01: Lactose
12.7.02: Sucrose
12.08: Polysaccharides
12.8.01: Starch
12.8.02: Glycogen
12.8.03: Cellulose
12.8.04: Glycation and Heteropolysaccharides
12.09: Carbohydrates (Structure and Function)- Questions
12.10: Homework Solutions
12.11: Carbohydrates Summary
12.S: Carbohydrates (Short Summary)
13: Energy
13.01: Basics of Energy
14: Carbohydrate Metabolism
14.01: Energy Metabolism
14.1.01: Perspectives
14.1.02: Prelude to Energy Metabolism
14.1.03: ATP- the Universal Energy Currency
14.1.04: Stage I of Catabolism
14.1.05: Stage II of Carbohydrate Catabolism
14.1.06: Glycolysis
14.1.07: Gluconeogenesis
14.1.08: Pentose Phospate Pathway
14.1.09: Cori Cycle and Citric Acid Cycle
14.1.10: Stage III of Catabolism
14.1.11: Cellular Phosphorylations
14.1.12: Energy Efficiency
14.1.13: Metabolic Controls of Energy
14.1.14: Molecular Backups for Muscles
14.1.E: Energy Metabolism (Exercises)
14.1.S: Energy Metabolism (Summary)
14.02: Carbohydrate Metabolism Details
14.2.01: Metabolism - Sugars
15: Lipids
15.01: Prelude to Lipids
15.02: Fatty Acids
15.03: Fats and Oils
15.04: Membranes and Membrane Lipids
15.05: Membranes
15.5.01: Basic Concepts in Membranes
15.5.02: Transport in Membranes
15.06: Structure and Function - Lipids and Membranes
15.07: Steroids
15.08: 15.8-Lipid Catabolism
15.09: Overview of Lipid Catabolism
15.10: Lipid Details
15.10.01: Fatty Acid Oxidation
15.10.02: Acetyl-CoA Metabolism
15.10.03: Fatty Acid Synthesis
15.10.04: Cholesterol Metabolism
15.10.05: Ketone Body Synthesis
15.10.06: Prostaglandin Synthesis
15.E: Exercises
15.S: Lipids (Summary)
16: Amino Acid Metabolism
16.01: Amino Acid Metabolism
16.02: Amino Acid Catabolism
16.03: Amino Acids and the Urea Cycle
16.04: Stage II of Protein Catabolism
17: Nucleic Acids
17.01: Prelude to Nucleic Acids
17.02: Nucleotides
17.03: Nucleic Acid Structure
17.04: Replication and Expression of Genetic Information
17.05: Protein Synthesis and the Genetic Code
17.06: Mutations and Genetic Diseases
17.07: Viruses
17.08: Flow of Genetic Information
17.8.01: DNA Replication
17.8.02: DNA Repair
17.8.03: Transcription
17.8.04: Regulation of Transcription
17.8.05: RNA Processing
17.8.06: Translation
17.E: Nucleic Acids (Exercises)
17.S: Nucleic Acids (Summary)