Nguồn ngoài

Alternative Fuels from Biomass Sources

This text examines the chemistry of technologies of bio-based sources for power generation and transportation fuels.

Biological Engineering Engineering

Tác giả: Hilal Ezgi Toraman
Nhà xuất bản: Pennsylvania State University
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Giấy phép: CC BY-NC-SA
Ngôn ngữ: EN

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Mục lục· 100 mục

01: Why Alternative Fuels from Biomass
1.01: Why Biofuels
1.02: Increasing Energy Demand
1.03: Problematic Dependence on Foreign Fuel Sources
1.04: Reduction of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission
1.05: Assignments
1.06: Summary and Final Tasks
02: Existing Fossil Fuel Technologies for Transportation
2.01: Chemistry Tutorial
2.02: Refining of Petroleum into Fuels
2.03: Jet Engines
2.04: Diesel Engines
2.05: Assignments
2.06: Summary and Final Tasks
03: Electricity Generation 101
3.01: Basics of Electricity Production from Steam Turbines
3.02: Production of Steam Plant Design
3.03: Production of Steam - Fuel
3.04: Plant End Systems
3.05: Assignments
3.06: Summary and Final Tasks
04: Use of Biomass in Thermal Technologies
4.01: Wood
4.02: Biomass
4.03: Gasification
4.04: Assignments
4.05: Summary and Final Tasks
05: Biomass Pyrolysis and Pretreatment
5.01: Biomass Pyrolysis
5.02: Biomass Carbohydrate Tutorial
5.03: Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass
5.3a: Size Reduction
5.3b: Low pH Methods
5.3c: Neutral pH pretreatment
5.3d: High pH (Alkaline)
5.3e: Organic Solvation Processes
5.3f: Ionic Liquids
5.3g: Biological Pretreatment
5.3h: Summary
5.04: Assignments
5.05: Summary and Final Tasks
06: General Ethanol Production
6.01: Final Project (Biorefinery Project)
6.02: Biochemical Structural Aspects of Lignocellulosic Biomass
6.2a: Starch
6.2b: Cellulose
6.2c: Hemicellulose
6.2d: Lignin
6.03: Enzymatic Biochemistry and Processing
6.3a: The Reaction of Cellulose- Cellulolysis
6.3b: Composition of Enzymes
6.3c: Hemicellulases and Lignin-degrading Enzymes
6.04: Assignments
6.05: Summary and Final Tasks
07: Processing to Produce Ethanol and Butanol from Carbohydrates and Enzymes
7.01: Ethanol Production - General Information
7.02: Sugarcane Ethanol Production
7.03: Ethanol Production from Corn
7.3a: Composition of Corn and Yield of Ethanol from Corn
7.3b: How Corn is Processed to Make Ethanol
7.04: Butanol Production
7.05: Assignments
7.06: Summary and Final Tasks
08: Thermochemical Methods to Produce Biofuels
8.01: Review of Refinery Processing and Chemical Structures for Jet Fuel and Diesel Fuel
8.02: Direction Liquefaction of Biomass
8.03: Bioprocessing to Make Jet Fuel
8.04: Natural Gas and Synthetic Natural Gas as Feedstocks for Liquid Fuels
8.05: Fischer-Tropsch Process to Generate Liquid Fuels
8.06: Assignments
8.07: Summary and Final Tasks
09: Biodiesel Production
9.01: Terminology for Vegetable Oils and Animal Fats
9.02: The Reaction of Biodiesel- Transesterification
9.03: Various Processes Used to Make Biodiesel
9.04: Biodiesel Properties and Specifications
9.05: Assignments
9.06: Summary and Final Tasks
10: Algae as a Source for Fuels
10.01: Introduction
10.02: What are Algae
10.03: Algae Growth and Reaction Conditions
10.04: Design of Algae Farms
10.05: Algae Harvesting and Separation Technologies
10.06: Assignments
10.07: Summary and Final Tasks
11: Economics of Biomass Production Ethanol Butanol and Biodiesel
11.01: Background for Economic Evaluation of Biofuel Use
11.02: Ethanol Production and Economics
11.03: Economics of Butanol Production
11.04: Economics of Biodiesel Production Including Economics of Algae
11.05: Assignments
11.06: Summary and Final Tasks
12: Additional Processes for Fuels from Biomass
12.01: Anaerobic Digestion
12.02: Syngas Fermentation
12.03: Microbial Fuel Cells
12.04: Final Thoughts on the Use of Biomass for Fuel Generation
12.05: Assignments
12.06: Summary and Final Tasks