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Beginning Chemistry

This is an introductory chemistry text aimed for a single semester or quarter beginning experience to the field. This text surveys some of the basic topics of chemistry. This survey should give student enough knowledge to appreciate the impact of chemistry in everyday life and, if necessary, prepare student for additional instruction in chemistry.

Introductory Chemistry Chemistry

Tác giả: Ball
Nhà xuất bản: LibreTexts
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Giấy phép: CC BY-NC-SA
Ngôn ngữ: EN
Danh mục: Khoa học cơ bản

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01: What Is Chemistry
1.01: Prelude to Chemistry
1.02: Basic Definitions
1.03: Chemistry as a Science
1.E: What Is Chemistry (Exercises)
02: Measurements
2.01: Prelude to Measurements
2.02: Expressing Numbers
2.03: Expressing Units
2.04: Significant Figures
2.05: Converting Units
2.06: Other Units - Temperature and Density
2.E: Measurements (Exercises)
03: Atoms Molecules and Ions
3.01: Prelude to Atoms Molecules and Ions
3.02: Atomic Theory
3.03: Molecules and Chemical Nomenclature
3.04: Masses of Atoms and Molecules
3.05: Ions and Ionic Compounds
3.06: Acids
3.E: Atoms Molecules and Ions (Exercises)
04: Chemical Reactions and Equations
4.01: Prelude to Chemical Reactions
4.02: The Chemical Equation
4.03: Types of Chemical Reactions - Single and Double Replacement Reactions
4.04: Ionic Equations - A Closer Look
4.05: Composition Decomposition and Combustion Reactions
4.06: Neutralization Reactions
4.07: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
4.E: Chemical Reactions and Equations (Exercises)
05: Stoichiometry and the Mole
5.01: Introduction
5.02: Stoichiometry
5.03: The Mole
5.04: The Mole in Chemical Reactions
5.05: Mole-Mass and Mass-Mass Calculations
5.06: Yields
5.07: Limiting Reagents
5.E: Stoichiometry and the Mole (Exercises)
06: Gases
6.01: Prelude to Gases
6.02: Kinetic Theory of Gases
6.03: Pressure
6.04: Gas Laws
6.05: Other Gas Laws
6.06: The Ideal Gas Law and Some Applications
6.07: Gas Mixtures
07: Energy and Chemistry
7.01: Introduction
7.02: Energy
7.03: Work and Heat
7.04: Enthalpy and Chemical Reactions
7.05: Stoichiometry Calculations Using Enthalpy
7.06: Hess's Law
7.07: Formation Reactions
7.E: Energy and Chemistry (Exercises)
08: Electronic Structure
8.01: Prelude to Electronic Structure
8.02: Light
8.03: Quantum Numbers for Electrons
8.04: Organization of Electrons in Atoms
8.05: Electronic Structure and the Periodic Table
8.06: Periodic Trends
8.E: Electronic Structure (Exercises)
09: Chemical Bonds
9.01: Prelude to Chemical Bonds
9.02: Lewis Electron Dot Diagrams
9.03: Electron Transfer - Ionic Bonds
9.04: Covalent Bonds
9.05: Other Aspects of Covalent Bonds
9.06: Violations of the Octet Rule
9.07: Molecular Shapes
9.E: Chemical Bonds (Exercises)
10: Solids and Liquids
10.01: Prelude to Solids and Liquids
10.02: Intermolecular Forces
10.03: Phase Transitions - Melting Boiling and Subliming
10.04: Properties of Liquids
10.05: Solids
10.E: Solids and Liquids (Exercises)
11: Solutions
11.01: Prelude to Solutions
11.02: Definitions
11.03: Quantitative Units of Concentration
11.04: Dilutions and Concentrations
11.05: Concentrations as Conversion Factors
11.06: Colligative Properties of Solutions
11.07: Colligative Properties of Ionic Solutes
11.E: Solutions (Exercises)
12: Acids and Bases
12.01: Introduction
12.02: Arrhenius Acids and Bases
12.03: Brnsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
12.04: Acid-Base Titrations
12.05: Strong and Weak Acids and Bases and their Salts
12.06: Autoionization of Water
12.07: The pH Scale
12.08: Buffers
12.E: Acids and Bases (Exercises)
13: Chemical Equilibrium
13.01: Prelude to Chemical Equilibrium
13.02: Chemical Equilibrium
13.03: The Equilibrium Constant
13.04: Shifting Equilibria - Le Chatelier's Principle
13.05: Calculating Equilibrium Constant Values
13.06: Some Special Types of Equilibria
13.07: End-of-Chapter Material
14: Oxidation and Reduction
14.01: Introduction to Oxidation and Reduction
14.02: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
14.03: Balancing Redox Reactions
14.04: Applications of Redox Reactions - Voltaic Cells
14.05: Electrolysis
14.E: Oxidation-Reduction Reaction (Exercises)
15: Nuclear Chemistry
15.01: Prelude to Nuclear Chemistry
15.02: Radioactivity
15.03: Half-Life
15.04: Units of Radioactivity
15.05: Uses of Radioactive Isotopes
15.06: Nuclear Energy
15.E: Nuclear Chemistry (Exercises)
16: Organic Chemistry
16.01: Prelude to Organic Chemistry
16.02: Hydrocarbons
16.03: Branched Hydrocarbons
16.04: Alkyl Halides and Alcohols
16.05: Other Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups
16.06: Other Functional Groups
16.07: Polymers
16.E: Organic Chemistry (Exercises)