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Introductory Physics: Building Models to Describe Our World

This is an open-access textbook for calculus-based introductory physics courses. The textbook is specifically intended for a flipped-classroom approach, wherein students complete readings at home and the material is then discussed in class. The textbook thus contains questions and activities to engage readers. This text also includes a curriculum in experimental physics, detailing the scientific method and process, suggesting experiments to perform at home and in the lab.

Physics

Tác giả: Ryan D. Martin, Emma Neary, Joshua Rinaldo, and Olivia Woodman
Nhà xuất bản: Queen's University
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Giấy phép: CC BY-SA
Ngôn ngữ: EN
Danh mục: Khoa học cơ bản

Đọc trực tuyến Tải PDF (nguồn mở)

Mục lục· 252 mục

01: The Scientific Method and Physics
1.01: Science and the Scientific Method
1.02: Theories Hypotheses and Models
1.03: Fighting Intuition
1.04: The Scope of Physics
1.05: Thinking Like a Physicist
1.06: Summary
1.07: Thinking about the Material
1.08: Sample Problems and Solutions
02: Comparing Model and Experiment
2.01: Orders of magnitude
2.02: Units and dimensions
2.03: Making Measurements
2.04: Summary
2.05: Thinking about the material
2.06: Sample problems and solutions
03: Describing Motion in One Dimension
3.01: Motion with Constant Speed
3.02: Motion with Constant Acceleration
3.03: Using Calculus to Describe Motion
3.04: Using Computation to Simulate Motion
3.05: Relative Motion
3.06: Summary
3.07: Thinking About the Material
3.08: Sample Problems and Solutions
04: Describing Motion in Multiple Dimensions
4.01: Motion in two Dimensions
4.02: Exploring Vectors with PhET
4.03: Motion in three dimensions
4.04: Accelerated motion when the velocity vector changes direction
4.05: Circular motion
4.06: Using Computation to Simulate Motion in Multiple Dimensions
4.07: Summary
4.08: Thinking about the material .
4.09: Sample problems and solutions
05: Newtons Laws
5.01: Newtons Three Laws
5.02: Force
5.03: Mass and inertia
5.04: Exploring Forces with PhET
5.05: Applying Newtons Laws
5.06: The acceleration due to gravity
5.07: Non-inertial frames of reference and inertial forces
5.08: Summary
5.09: Thinking about the Material
5.10: Sample problems and solutions
06: Applying Newtons Laws
6.01: Statics
6.02: Linear motion
6.03: Using Computation to Simulate Centripetal Force
6.04: Uniform circular motion
6.05: Non-uniform circular motion
6.06: Summary
6.07: Thinking about the material
6.08: Problems and Solutions
07: Work and energy
7.01: Work
7.02: Kinetic energy and the work energy theorem
7.03: Using PhET to Study the Work-Energy Theorem
7.04: Calculating Work Numerically
7.05: Power
7.06: Summary
7.07: Thinking about the material
7.08: Sample Problems and Solutions
08: Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy
8.01: Conservative Forces
8.02: Potential Energy
8.03: Mechanical Energy and Conservation of Energy
8.04: Energy diagrams and equilibria
8.05: Using PhET to explore the Work-Energy Theorem and Energy Diagrams
8.06: The Lagrangian Formulation of Classical Physics
8.07: Summary
8.08: Thinking about the material
8.09: Sample problems and solutions
09: Gravity
9.01: Keplers Laws
9.02: Newtons Universal Theory of Gravity
9.03: Gravitational potential energy
9.04: Einsteins Theory of General Relativity
9.05: Summary
9.06: Thinking about the material
9.07: Sample problems and solutions
10: Linear Momentum and the Center of Mass
10.01: Momentum
10.02: Collisions
10.03: The center of mass
10.04: Summary
10.05: Thinking about the material .
10.06: Sample problems and solutions
11: Rotational dynamics
11.01: Rotational kinematic vectors
11.02: Rotational dynamics for a single particle
11.03: Torque
11.04: Rotation about an axis versus rotation about a point .
11.05: Rotational dynamics for a solid object
11.06: Moment of Inertia
11.07: Equilibrium
11.08: Summary
11.09: Thinking about the material
11.10: Sample problems and solutions
12: Rotational Energy and Momentum
12.01: Rotational Kinetic Energy of an Object
12.02: Rolling motion
12.03: Angular Momentum
12.04: Summary
12.05: Thinking about the material
12.06: Sample problems and solutions
13: Simple Harmonic Motion
13.01: The motion of a spring-mass system
13.02: Vertical spring-mass system
13.03: Simple Harmonic Motion
13.04: The Motion of a Pendulum
13.05: Summary
13.06: Thinking about the material
13.07: Sample problems and solutions
14: Waves
14.01: Characteristics of a wave
14.02: Mathematical Description of a Wave
14.03: Waves on a Rope
14.04: The speed of a wave
14.05: Energy Transported by a Wave
14.06: Superposition of waves and interference
14.07: Standing waves
14.08: Summary
14.09: Thinking about the material
14.10: Sample problems and solutions
15: Fluid Mechanics
15.01: Pressure
15.02: Buoyancy
15.03: Hydrodynamics
15.04: Exploring Pressure with PhET
15.4.01: Hydrostatics
15.4.02: Buoyancy
15.4.03: Hydrodynamics
15.05: Summary
15.06: Thinking about the material
15.07: Sample problems and solutions
16: Electric Charges and Fields
16.01: Electric Charge
16.02: The Coulomb force
16.03: The Electric Field
16.04: The Electric Dipole
16.05: Summary
16.06: Thinking about the material
16.07: Sample problems and solutions
17: Gauss Law
17.01: Flux of the Electric Field
17.02: Gauss Law
17.03: Charges in a Conductor
17.04: Interpretation of Gauss Law and vector calculus
17.05: Summary
17.06: Thinking about the Material
17.07: Sample problems and solutions
18: Electric potential
18.01: Electric Potential Energy
18.02: Electric potential
18.03: Calculating electric potential from charge distributions
18.04: Electric field and potential at the surface of a conductor
18.05: Capacitors
18.06: Summary
18.07: Thinking about the material
18.08: Sample problems and solutions
19: Electric Current
19.01: Current
19.02: Microscopic model of current
19.03: Ohms Law
19.04: Resistors
19.05: Alternating voltages and currents
19.06: Electrical safety
19.07: Summary
19.08: Thinking about the material
19.09: Sample problems and solutions
20: Electric Circuits
20.01: Batteries and Simple Circuits
20.02: Kirchhoffs rules
20.03: Applying Kirchhoffs rule to model circuits
20.04: Measuring current and voltage
20.05: Modeling circuits with capacitors
20.06: Summary
20.07: Thinking about the Material
20.08: Sample problems and solutions
21: The Magnetic Force
21.01: Magnetic fields
21.02: The magnetic force on a moving charge
21.03: The magnetic force on a current-carrying wire .
21.04: The Torque on a Current-Carrying Loop
21.05: The Hall Effect
21.06: Applications
21.07: Summary
21.08: Thinking about the Material
21.09: Sample problems and solutions
22: Source of Magnetic Field
22.01: The Biot-Savart Law
22.02: Force between two current-carrying wires
22.03: Amperes Law
22.04: Solenoids and Toroids
22.05: Summary
22.06: Thinking about the material
22.07: Sample problems and solutions
23: Electromagnetic Induction
23.01: Faradays Law
23.02: Induction in a Moving Conductor
23.03: Back EMF in an electric motor
23.04: The induced electric field and eddy currents
23.05: Transformers
23.06: Maxwells equations and electromagnetic waves
23.07: Summary
23.08: Thinking about the material
23.09: Sample problems and solutions
24: The Theory of Special Relativity
24.01: Introduction- The issue with Maxwells equations
24.02: Einsteins postulates
24.03: Time Dilation
24.04: Length Contraction
24.05: Electric and magnetic fields and Special Relativity
24.06: Lorentz transformations and space-time
24.07: Relativistic momentum and energy
24.08: Closing Remarks
24.09: Summary
24.10: Thinking about the material
24.11: Sample problems and solutions
25: Vectors
25.01: Coordinate Systems
25.02: Vectors
25.03: Vector algebra
25.04: Example uses of vectors in physics
25.05: Summary
25.06: Thinking about the Material
25.07: Sample problems and solutions
26: Calculus
26.01: Functions of Real Numbers
26.02: Derivatives
26.03: Anti-derivatives and integrals
26.04: Summary
26.05: Thinking about the Material
26.06: Sample problems and solutions
27: Guidelines for lab related activities
27.01: The process of science and the need for scientific writing
27.02: Scientific writing
27.03: Guide for writing a proposal
27.04: Guide for reviewing a proposal
27.05: Guide for writing a lab report
27.06: Sample proposal (Measuring g using a pendulum)
27.07: Sample proposal review (Measuring g using a pendulum)
27.08: Sample lab report (Measuring g using a pendulum)
27.09: Sample lab report review (Measuring g using a pendulum)
28: The Python Programming Language
28.01: A quick intro to programming
28.02: Arrays
28.03: Plotting
28.04: The QExpy python package for experimental physics
28.05: Advanced topics