
Nguồn ngoài
OCLUE: Organic Chemistry, Life, the Universe, and Everything
Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon and carbon-containing compounds. Since the core structural, catalytic, information storage, and retrieval systems of organisms are carbon-based macromolecules, organic chemistry is of direct relevance to the life sciences. Just as importantly, the properties of carbon make possible an amazing range of molecules with unique properties, from small molecules to complex plastics and even more complex biomolecules.
- Tác giả
- Melanie M. Cooper & Michael W. Klymkowsky
- Nhà xuất bản
- LibreTexts
- Nguồn
- LibreTexts
- Giấy phép
- CC BY-NC-SA
- Ngôn ngữ
- EN
- Danh mục
- Khoa học cơ bản
Mục lục· 78 mục
- 01: AcidBase Reactions
- 1.01: A Quick Review of the Models of Acid-Base Reactions.
- 1.02: Acid-Base Reaction Direction and Position of Equilibrium
- 1.03: Effect of pH on Acid Base Reactions
- 1.04: Lewis Acids and Bases Electrophiles and Nucleophiles
- 1.05: In-Text References
- 02: Spectroscopy- how we know what we know about the structure of matter
- 2.01: Interactions of Electromagnetic Radiation and Electrons in Molecules
- 2.02: UV-Vis Spectroscopy and Chormophores - or Why are Carrots Orange
- 2.03: Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy - Looking at Molecular Vibrations
- 2.04: Functional Groups
- 2.05: Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy
- 2.06: H-1 (proton) NMR
- 2.07: In-Text References
- 03: Conformations and Configurations - the consequences of the three-dimensional nature of carbon compounds
- 3.01: Conformations of Organic Molecules
- 3.02: Optical Isomerism
- 3.03: Configurations of Chiral Molecules- the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Convention
- 3.04: In-Text References
- 04: Nucleophilic Substitution Part II
- 4.01: Kinetics and Mechanisms-
- 4.02: The (mathrmS mathrmN 1) Reaction
- 4.03: Rearrangements- A Consequence of Generating Unstable Carbocations
- 4.04: Eliminations
- 4.05: In-Text References
- 05: Alkenes and Alkynes
- 5.01: Reactions of Alkenes- Electrophilic Addition
- 5.02: Anti-Markovnikov Addition across Double Bonds
- 5.03: Reduction of Alkenes-
- 5.04: Oxidation of Alkenes
- 5.05: Reactions of Alkynes
- 5.06: In-Text References
- 06: Alcohols and an introduction to thiols amines ethers and sulfides
- 6.01: (Brnsted) Acidity of Alcohols Thiols and Amines
- 6.02: Nucleophilicity of (mathrmROH) (mathrmRSH) and (mathrmRNH 2)
- 6.03: (mathrmO) (mathrmS) and (mathrmN) as Leaving Groups
- 6.04: Oxidation of Alcohols
- 6.05: Oxidation of Thiols
- 6.06: Preparation of Alcohols
- 6.07: In-Text References
- 07: Nucleophilic attack at the carbonyl carbon-
- 7.01: Interconversion of Acids and Derivatives- Predicting Outcomes
- 7.02: Preparations of Carboxylic Acids
- 7.03: The Wittig Reaction
- 7.04: Synthesis
- 7.05: In-Text References
- 7.06: Aldehydes and Ketones
- 7.07: Nucleophilic Attack by Hydride or Carbanions
- 7.08: Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones with Oxygen Nucleophiles
- 7.09: Reactions with Nitrogen Nucleophiles
- 7.10: Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
- 7.11: Infra-red Spectra as Evidence of Carboxylic Acid Derivative Structure
- 7.12: Relative Reactivities of Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
- 7.13: Reactions at the Carbonyl Group of Acid Derivatives with Irreversible Nucleophiles
- 7.14: Nucleophilic Addition and Elimination Reactions of Acids and Derivatives
- 08: Conjugated compounds and aromaticity
- 8.01: Reactions of Substituted Benzenes- Reaction at the Benzylic Position
- 8.02: Pericyclic reactions
- 8.03: In-Text References
- 8.04: UV-VIS Spectroscopy and Conjugated Systems- Review
- 8.05: Aromaticity
- 8.06: What is aromaticity and how do we recognize aromatic systems
- 8.07: Aromatic Ions
- 8.08: Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds
- 8.09: Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds-
- 8.10: Reactions of Aromatic Compounds- Introduction of one group onto the ring
- 8.11: Multiple Substituents- Directing Effects
- 8.12: Nucleophilic Substitutions on Aromatic Systems- Expanding the range of potential substitution products
- 09: A return to the carbonyl
- 9.01: Reactions of Enols and Enolates
- 9.02: The Aldol Reaction
- 9.03: The Claisen Condensation
- 9.04: -Ketoacids Decarboxylate
- 9.05: Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids-
- 9.06: Michael Reactions
- 9.07: Glycolysis
- 9.08: Glycolysis- From Glucose to Fructose
- 9.09: In-Text References