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OpenStax Biology 2e for Norco College

Biology

Tác giả: teresa friedrich finnern
Nhà xuất bản: Norco College
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Giấy phép: CC BY
Ngôn ngữ: EN
Danh mục: Kế toán - Kiểm toán

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Mục lục· 248 mục

01: The Study of Life
1.01: Introduction
1.02: The Science of Biology
1.03: Themes and Concepts of Biology
1.04: Chapter Summary
02: The Chemical Foundation of Life
2.01: Introduction
2.02: Atoms Isotopes Ions and Molecules - The Building Blocks
2.03: Water
2.04: Carbon
2.05: Chapter Summary
03: Biological Macromolecules
3.01: Introduction
3.02: Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules
3.03: Carbohydrates
3.04: Lipids
3.05: Proteins
3.06: Nucleic Acids
3.07: Chapter Summary
04: Cell Structure
4.01: Introduction
4.02: Studying Cells
4.03: Prokaryotic Cells
4.04: Eukaryotic Cells
4.05: The Endomembrane System and Proteins
4.06: The Cytoskeleton
4.07: Connections between Cells and Cellular Activities
4.08: Chapter Summary
05: Structure and Function of Plasma Membranes
5.01: Introduction
5.02: Components and Structure
5.03: Passive Transport
5.04: Active Transport
5.05: Bulk Transport
5.06: Chapter Summary
06: Metabolism
6.01: Introduction
6.02: Energy and Metabolism
6.03: Potential Kinetic Free and Activation Energy
6.04: The Laws of Thermodynamics
6.05: ATP- Adenosine Triphosphate
6.06: Enzymes
6.07: Chapter Summary
07: Plant Form and Physiology
7.01: Introduction
7.02: The Plant Body
7.03: Stems
7.04: Roots
7.05: Leaves
7.06: Chapter Summary
08: Photosynthesis
8.01: Introduction
8.02: Overview of Photosynthesis
8.03: The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis
8.04: Using Light Energy to Make Organic Molecules
8.05: Chapter Summary
09: Cellular Respiration
9.01: Introduction
9.02: Energy in Living Systems
9.03: Glycolysis
9.04: Oxidation of Pyruvate and the Citric Acid Cycle
9.05: Oxidative Phosphorylation
9.06: Metabolism without Oxygen
9.07: Connections of Carbohydrate Protein and Lipid Metabolic Pathways
9.08: Regulation of Cellular Respiration
9.09: Chapter Summary
10: Cell Reproduction
10.01: Introduction
10.02: Cell Division
10.03: The Cell Cycle
10.04: Control of the Cell Cycle
10.05: Cancer and the Cell Cycle
10.06: Prokaryotic Cell Division
10.07: Chapter Summary
11: Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
11.01: Introduction
11.02: The Process of Meiosis
11.03: Sexual Reproduction
11.04: Chapter Summary
12: Mendel's Experiments and Heredity
12.01: Introduction
12.02: Mendels Experiments and the Laws of Probability
12.03: Characteristics and Traits
12.04: Laws of Inheritance
12.05: Chapter Summary
13: Modern Understandings of Inheritance
13.01: Introduction
13.02: Chromosomal Theory and Genetic Linkage
13.03: Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders
13.04: Chapter Summary
14: DNA Structure and Function
14.01: Introduction
14.02: Historical Basis of Modern Understanding
14.03: DNA Structure and Sequencing
14.04: Basics of DNA Replication
14.05: DNA Replication in Prokaryotes
14.06: DNA Replication in Eukaryotes
14.07: DNA Repair
14.08: Chapter Summary
15: Genes and Proteins
15.01: Introduction
15.02: The Genetic Code
15.03: Prokaryotic Transcription
15.04: Eukaryotic Transcription
15.05: RNA Processing in Eukaryotes
15.06: Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
15.07: Chapter Summary
16: Gene Expression
16.01: Introduction
16.02: Regulation of Gene Expression
16.03: Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
16.04: Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation
16.05: Eukaryotic Transcription Gene Regulation
16.06: Eukaryotic Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation
16.07: Eukaryotic Translational and Post-translational Gene Regulation
16.08: Cancer and Gene Regulation
16.09: Chapter Summary
17: Biotechnology and Genomics
17.01: Introduction
17.02: Biotechnology
17.03: Mapping Genomes
17.04: Whole-Genome Sequencing
17.05: Applying Genomics
17.06: Genomics and Proteomics
17.07: Chapter Summary
18: Evolution and the Origin of Species
18.01: Introduction
18.02: Understanding Evolution
18.03: Formation of New Species
18.04: Reconnection and Speciation Rates
18.05: Chapter Summary
19: The Evolution of Populations
19.01: Introduction
19.02: Population Evolution
19.03: Population Genetics
19.04: Adaptive Evolution
19.05: Chapter Summary
20: Phylogenies and the History of Life
20.01: Introduction
20.02: Organizing Life on Earth
20.03: Determining Evolutionary Relationships
20.04: Perspectives on the Phylogenetic Tree
20.05: Chapter Summary
21: Viruses
21.01: Introduction
21.02: Viral Evolution Morphology and Classification
21.03: Virus Infections and Hosts
21.04: Prevention and Treatment of Viral Infections
21.05: Other Acellular Entities - Prions and Viroids
21.06: Chapter Summary
22: Prokaryotes - Bacteria and Archaea
22.01: Introduction
22.02: Prokaryotic Diversity
22.03: Structure of Prokaryotes- Bacteria and Archaea
22.04: Prokaryotic Metabolism
22.05: Bacterial Diseases in Humans
22.06: Beneficial Prokaryotes
22.07: Chapter Summary
23: Protists
23.01: Introduction
23.02: Eukaryotic Origins
23.03: Characteristics of Protists
23.04: Groups of Protists
23.05: Ecology of Protists
23.06: Chapter Summary
24: Fungi
24.01: Introduction
24.02: Characteristics of Fungi
24.03: Classifications of Fungi
24.04: Ecology of Fungi
24.05: Fungal Parasites and Pathogens
24.06: Importance of Fungi in Human Life
24.07: Chapter Summary
25: Seedless Plants
25.01: Introduction
25.02: Early Plant Life
25.03: Green Algae - Precursors of Land Plants
25.04: Bryophytes
25.05: Seedless Vascular Plants
25.06: Chapter Summary
26: Seed Plants
26.01: Introduction
26.02: Evolution of Seed Plants
26.03: Gymnosperms
26.04: Angiosperms
26.05: The Role of Seed Plants
26.06: Chapter Summary
27: Introduction to Animal Diversity
27.01: Introduction
27.02: Features of the Animal Kingdom
27.03: Features Used to Classify Animals
27.04: Animal Phylogeny
27.05: The Evolutionary History of the Animal Kingdom
27.06: Chapter Summary
28: Invertebrates
28.01: Introduction
28.02: Phylum Porifera
28.03: Phylum Cnidaria
28.04: Superphylum Lophotrochozoa- Flatworms Rotifers and Nemerteans
28.05: Superphylum Lophotrochozoa- Molluscs and Annelids
28.06: Superphylum Ecdysozoa- Nematodes and Tardigrades
28.07: Superphylum Ecdysozoa- Arthropods
28.08: Superphylum Deuterostomia
28.09: Chapter Summary
29: Vertebrates
29.01: Introduction
29.02: Chordates
29.03: Fishes
29.04: Amphibians
29.05: Reptiles
29.06: Birds
29.07: Mammals
29.08: The Evolution of Primates
29.09: Chapter Summary
30: Ecology and the Biosphere
30.01: Introduction
30.02: The Scope of Ecology
30.03: Biogeography
30.04: Terrestrial Biomes
30.05: Aquatic Biomes
30.06: Climate and the Effects of Global Climate Change
30.07: Chapter Summary
31: Population and Community Ecology
31.01: Introduction
31.02: Population Demography
31.03: Life Histories and Natural Selection
31.04: Environmental Limits to Population Growth
31.05: Population Dynamics and Regulation
31.06: Human Population Growth
31.07: Community Ecology
31.08: Chapter Summary
32: Ecosystems
32.01: Introduction
32.02: Ecology of Ecosystems
32.03: Energy Flow through Ecosystems
32.04: Biogeochemical Cycles
32.05: Chapter Summary
33: Conservation Biology and Biodiversity
33.01: Introduction
33.02: The Biodiversity Crisis
33.03: The Importance of Biodiversity to Human Life
33.04: Threats to Biodiversity
33.05: Preserving Biodiversity
33.06: Chapter Summary
34: Appendix
34.01: Appendix A- The Periodic Table of Elements
34.02: Appendix B- Geological Time
34.03: Appendix C- Measurements and the Metric System