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The Live Textbook of Physical Chemistry I

This text explores the the fundamental principles of chemical phenomena including thermodynamics, equilibria and states of matter, and chemical kinetics.

Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Textbook Maps Chemistry

Tác giả: Roberto Peverati
Nhà xuất bản: Florida Institute of Technology
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Giấy phép: CC BY-SA
Ngôn ngữ: EN
Danh mục: Khoa học cơ bản

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Mục lục· 125 mục

01: Systems and Variables
1.01: Thermodynamic Systems
1.02: Thermodynamic Variables
02: Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
2.01: What is Thermodynamics
2.02: The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
2.03: Calculation of Heat
2.04: Calculation of Work
03: First Law of Thermodynamics
3.01: Calculation of Internal Energy Changes
3.02: The First Law of Thermodynamics
3.03: Reversible and Irreversible Processes
04: Thermochemistry
4.01: Reaction Enthalpies
4.02: Standard Enthalpies of Formation
4.03: Hess's Law
4.04: Calculations of Enthalpies of Reaction at T 298 K
05: Thermodynamic Cycles
5.01: Carnot Cycle
5.02: Energy Heat and Work in the Carnot Cycle
5.03: Efficiency of a Carnot Cycle
06: Second Law of Thermodynamics
6.01: Entropy
6.02: Irreversible Cycles
6.03: The Second Law of Thermodynamics
07: Calculation of Entropy and the Third Law of Thermodynamics
7.01: Calculation of Ssys
7.02: Calculation of Ssurr
7.03: Clausius Theorem
7.04: The Third Law of Thermodynamics
08: Thermodynamic Potentials
8.01: Fundamental Equation of Thermodynamics
8.02: Thermodynamic Potentials
8.03: Free Energies
8.04: Maxwell Relations
09: Gibbs Free Energy
9.01: Gibbs Equation
9.02: Temperature Dependence of G
9.03: Pressure Dependence of G
9.04: Composition Dependence of G
10: Chemical Equilibrium
10.01: Reaction Quotient and Equilibrium Constant
10.02: Temperature Dependence of Keq
10.03: Pressure and Composition Dependence of Keq
11: Ideal and Non-Ideal Gases
11.01: The Ideal Gas Equation
11.02: Behaviors of Non-Ideal Gases
11.03: Critical Phenomena
11.04: Fugacity
12: Phase Equilibrium
12.01: Phase Stability
12.02: Gibbs Phase Rule
12.03: PT Phase Diagrams
12.04: The Clausius-Clapeyron Equation
13: Multi-Component Phase Diagrams
13.01: Raoults Law and Phase Diagrams of Ideal Solutions
13.02: Phase Diagrams of Non-Ideal Solutions
13.03: Phase Diagrams of 2-Components 2-Condensed Phases Systems
14: Properties of Solutions
14.01: Activity
14.02: Colligative Properties
15: Chemical Kinetics
15.01: Differential and integrated rate laws
15.02: Complex Rate Laws
15.03: Experimental Methods for Determination of Reaction Orders
15.04: Temperature Dependence of the Rate Coefficients
16: The Motivation for Quantum Mechanics
16.01: Introduction
16.02: Quantum Mechanics is Bizarre
16.03: The Ultraviolet Catastrophe
16.04: The Photoelectric Effect
16.05: Wave-Particle Duality
17: Classical Mechanics
17.01: Newtonian Formulation
17.02: Lagrangian Formulation
17.03: Hamiltonian Mechanics
18: The Schrodinger Equation
18.01: The Time-Independent Schrodinger Equation
18.02: The Time-Dependent Schrodinger Equation
19: Analytically Soluble Models
19.01: The Free Particles
19.02: The Particle in a Box
19.03: The Harmonic Oscillator
19.04: The Rigid Rotor
20: The Hydrogen Atom
21: Operators and Mathematical Background
21.01: Operators in Quantum Mechanics
21.02: Eigenfunctions and Eigenvalues
21.03: Common Operators in Quantum Mechanics
22: Spin
22.01: Stern-Gerlach Experiment
22.02: Sequential Stern-Gerlach Experiments
22.03: Spin Operators
23: Postulates of Quantum Mechanics
23.01: Postulate 1- The Wave Function Postulate
23.02: Postulate 2- Experimental Observables
23.03: Postulate 3- Individual Measurements
23.04: Postulate 4- Expectation Values and Collapse of the Wavefunction
23.05: Postulate 5- Time Evolution
23.06: Postulate 6- Pauli Exclusion Principle
24: Quantum Weirdness
24.01: The Double-slit Experiment
24.02: Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle
24.03: Tunneling
25: Many-Electron Atoms
25.01: Many-Electron Wave Functions
25.02: Approximated Hamiltonians
26: Introduction to Molecules
26.01: The Molecular Hamiltonian
26.02: The Born-Oppenheimer Approximation
26.03: Solving the Electronic Eigenvalue Problem
27: The Chemical Bond in Diatomic Molecules
27.01: The Chemical Bond in the Hydrogen Molecular Cation
27.02: The Chemical Bond in the Hydrogen Molecule
28: The Chemical Bond in Polyatomic Molecules
28.01: The Chemical Bond in the Water Molecule Using a Minimal Basis
28.02: Hartree-Fock Calculation for Water
28.03: Shapes and Energies of Molecular Orbitals
29: Spectroscopy
29.01: Rotational Spectroscopy
29.02: Vibrational Spectroscopy
29.03: Electronic Spectroscopy
30: Appendix
30.01: Thermodynamic Data of Inorganic Substances at 298 K
30.02: Thermodynamic Data of Organic Substances at 298 K