Nguồn ngoài
Qualitative Analysis of Common Cations in Water
The qualitative analysis of cations in a mixture is used as a model to teach chemistry experimental skills. This model provides hands-on practice of separating a mixture of substances that are often encountered in chemical synthesis and chemical extraction processes. The ions in the mixture are separated by selective precipitation, selective dissolution, and characteristic reactions enforced based on common ion effects, pH effect, coordination complex formation, and redox reactions.
- Tác giả
- Muhammad Arif Malik
- Nhà xuất bản
- Hampton University
- Nguồn
- LibreTexts
- Giấy phép
- CC0 / Public domain
- Ngôn ngữ
- EN
- Danh mục
- Khoa học cơ bản
Mục lục· 30 mục
- 1: Chemical Principles
- 1.1: Solubility
- 1.2: Solubility equilibria
- 1.3: Varying solubility of ionic compounds
- 1.4: pH Buffers
- 1.5: Separation of cations in groups
- 2: Experimental techniques
- 2.1: Precipitation
- 2.2: Water bath
- 2.3: Centrifugation
- 2.4: Separation of the precipitate
- 2.5: pH measurement
- 2.6: Flame test
- 2.7: Common qualitative analysis reagents their effects and hazards
- 3: Group I cations
- 3.1: Separation of group I cations
- 3.2: Separation and confirmation of Pb2 ion
- 3.3: Procedure flowchart and datasheets for separation and confirmation of group I cations
- 4: Group II cations
- 4.1: Precipitation of group II cations
- 4.2: Separation and confirmation of individual ions in group II precipitates
- 4.3: Procedure flowchart and datasheets for separation and confirmation of group II cations
- 5: Group III cations
- 5.1: Separation of group III cations
- 5.2: Separation and confirmation if individual ions in group III precipitates
- 5.3: Procedure flowchart and datasheets for separation and confirmation of group III cations
- 6: Group IV and Group V cations
- 6.1: Separating group IV cations
- 6.2: Separation and confirmation of individual ions in group IV precipitates and group V mixture
- 6.3: Procedure flowchart and datasheets for separation and confirmation of group IV and group V cations