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Introductory Chemistry, Atoms First for FCC

Chemistry

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Nguồn: LibreTexts
Ngôn ngữ: EN
Danh mục: Khoa học cơ bản

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01: Basics of Measurement
1.01: Taking Measurements- Numbers and Units
1.1.01: Scientific Notation - Writing Large and Small Numbers
1.1.02: The Basic Units of Measurement
1.02: Significant Figures
1.2.01: Significant Figures - Writing Numbers to Reflect Precision
1.2.02: Significant Figures in Calculations
1.03: Conversions
1.3.01: Problem Solving and Unit Conversions
1.3.02: Solving Multi-step Conversion Problems
1.3.03: Units Raised to a Power
1.04: Density
1.5: Temperature - Random Motion of Molecules and Atoms
1.E: Measurements (Exercises)
02: Atomic Structure
2.1: The Scientific Method
2.2: Indivisible - The Atomic Theory
2.3: The Properties of Protons Neutrons and Electrons
2.4: Keeping Track of Subatomic Particles
2.5: Looking for Patterns - The Periodic Table
2.6: Ions - Losing and Gaining Electrons
2.7: Isotopes - When the Number of Neutrons Varies
2.8: Atomic Mass - The Average Mass of an Elements Atoms
2.9: Summary of Atomic Theory and the Construction of Atoms
2.E: Atomic Structure (Exercises)
03: Light Electrons and the Periodic Table
3.01: Light is Visible Electromagnetic Radiation
3.1.01: The Electromagnetic Spectrum
3.02: Models of Electron Behavior
3.2.01: The Bohr Model - Atoms with Orbits
3.2.02: The Quantum-Mechanical Model- Atoms with Orbitals
3.3: Quantum-Mechanical Orbitals and Electron Configurations
3.4: Core and Valence Electrons
3.5: Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
3.5.01: The Explanatory Power of the Quantum-Mechanical Model
3.6: Periodic Trends - Atomic Size Ionization Energy and Metallic Character
3.E: Electronic Structure (Exercises)
04: Compounds and Chemical Bonds
4.01: Properties and Changes of Matter
4.1.01: Differences in Matter- Physical and Chemical Properties
4.1.02: Changes in Matter - Physical and Chemical Changes
4.1.03: Conservation of Mass - There is No New Matter
4.02: Summary of Matter and Changes
4.03: Compounds
4.3.01: Chemical Formulas - How to Represent Compounds
4.04: A Molecular View of Elements and Compounds
4.05: Ionic Compounds
4.5.01: Ions - Monatomic and Polyatomic
4.5.02: Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds
4.06: How to Name Compounds
4.6.01: Naming Ionic Compounds
4.6.02: Naming Molecular Compounds
4.6.03: Naming Acids
4.6.04: Nomenclature Summary
4.07: Atoms Molecules and Ions (Exercises)
05: The Mole and Chemical Formulas
5.01: Avogadro's Number
5.02: Conversions Between Moles and Atoms
5.03: Molar Mass
5.04: Conversions Between Moles and Mass
5.05: Conversions Between Mass and Number of Particles
5.06: Percent Composition
5.07: Determining Empirical Formulas
5.08: Percent of Water in a Hydrate
5.09: Determining Molecular Formulas
5.10: Mole Road Map
5.E: The Mole Concept (Exercises)
06: Lewis Structures Shapes and Intermolecular Forces
6.01: The Octet Rule
6.1.01: Representing Valence Electrons with Dots
6.1.02: Lewis Structures of Ionic Compounds- Electrons Transferred
6.1.03: Covalent Lewis Structures- Electrons Shared
6.02: Writing Lewis Structures for Covalent Compounds
6.2.01: Resonance - Equivalent Lewis Structures for the Same Molecule
6.2.02: Exceptions to the Octet Rule
6.03: Predicting the Shapes of Molecules
6.04: Electronegativity and Polarity
6.05: Intermolecular Forces- Dispersion DipoleDipole Hydrogen Bonding
6.E: Electrons and Chemical Bonds (Exercises)
07: Solids Liquids and Phase Changes
7.01: Properties of Liquids and Solids
7.2: Intermolecular Forces in Action- Surface Tension Viscosity and Capillary Action
7.3: Types of Crystalline Solids
7.4: Temperature Heat and Energy
7.4.01: Energy and Chemical and Physical Change
7.4.03: Energy
7.5: Heat Capacity
7.5.01: Energy and Heat Capacity Calculations
7.5.02: Temperature Changes - Heat Capacity
7.6: Phase Transitions
7.6.01: Melting Freezing and Sublimation
7.6.02: Boiling Evaporation and Condensation
7.6.03: Calculations for Phase Changes
7.6.04: Heating Curve for Water
7.E: Solids Liquids and Phase Changes (Exercises)
08: Gases
8.01: Solids Liquids and Gases- A Molecular Comparison
8.02: Pressure - The Result of Constant Molecular Collisions
8.03: Kinetic Molecular Theory- A Model for Gases
8.04: Simple Gas Laws
8.4.01: Boyles Law - Pressure and Volume
8.4.02: Charless Law- Volume and Temperature
8.4.03: Gay-Lussac's Law- Temperature and Pressure
8.4.04: Avogadros Law- Volume and Moles
8.5: The Ideal Gas Law and Some Applications
8.6: Mixtures of Gases
8.E: Gases (Exercises)
09: Aqueous Solutions
9.01: Solutions - Homogeneous Mixtures
9.1.01: How Solutions Form
9.1.02: Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes
9.1.03: Aqueous Solutions and Solubility - Compounds Dissolved in Water
9.02: Solubility Trends
9.2.01: Solutions of Solids Dissolved in Water
9.2.02: Solutions of Gases in Water
9.03: Measures of Concentration
9.3.01: Percent Solutions
9.3.02: Solution Concentration- Molarity
9.04: Concentration Calculations
9.4.01: A Mole Map for Concentration
9.4.02: Solution Dilution
9.05: Colligative Properties and Molality
9.5.01: Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation
9.5.02: Osmosis
9.E: Solutions (Exercises)
10: Chemical Reactions
10.01: Word Equations
10.02: Chemical Equations
10.03: Balancing Equations
10.04: Types of Reactions
10.4.01: Combination Reactions
10.4.02: Decomposition Reactions
10.4.03: Combustion Reactions
10.4.04: Single Displacement Replacement Reactions
10.4.05: Double Displacement Replacement Reactions
10.05: Predicting Reactions - Single and Double Displacement Reactions
10.5.1: Precipitation Reactions
10.5.2: AcidBase and Gas Evolution Reactions
10.6: Writing Chemical Equations for Reactions in Solution- Complete Chemical Complete Ionic and Net Ionic Equations
10.7: Oxidation and Reduction- Some Definitions
10.8: Keeping Track of Redox Reactions
10.8.01: Oxidation States - Electron Bookkeeping
10.8.02: Determining Redox Reactions from Oxidation States
10.8.03: Balancing Redox Equations
10.9: Applications of Redox Reactions
10.9.01: The Activity Series- Predicting Spontaneous Redox Reactions
10.9.02: Batteries- Using Chemistry to Generate Electricity
10.9.03: Corrosion - Undesirable Redox Reactions
10.E: Chemical Reactions (Exercises)
11: Stoichiometry- Quantities in Chemical Reactions
11.01: General Stoichiometry
11.1.01: Mass Stoichiometry
11.1.02: Solution Stoichiometry
11.1.03: Stoichiometry and the Ideal Gas Law
11.1.4: Gas Stoichiometry at STP
11.1.5: AcidBase Titration
11.02: Limiting Reactant
11.03: Theoretical Yield and Percent Yield
11.04: Enthalpy Change is a Measure of the Heat Evolved or Absorbed
11.E: Stoichiometry Applications (Exercises)
12: Acids and Bases
12.01: Properties of Acids and Bases
12.1.01: Acids- Properties and Examples
12.1.02: Bases- Properties and Examples
12.02: Chemistry of Acids and Bases
12.2.01: Molecular Definitions of Acids and Bases
12.2.02: Reactions of Acids and Bases
12.2.03: Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
12.03: Acid-Base Equilibria
12.3.01: Water - Acid and Base in One
12.3.02: The pH and pOH Scales - Ways to Express Acidity and Basicity
12.04: Buffers are Solutions that Resist pH Change
12.E: Acids and Bases
13: Chemical Equilibrium
13.1: Collision Theory and Reaction Rates
13.1.1: Effects of Temperature Concentration and Catalysts on Reaction Rates
13.2: Dynamic Equilibrium
13.3: The Equilibrium Constant Expression
13.4: Le Chatelier's Principle
13.5: Some Special Types of Equilibria
13.E: Exercises
14: Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry
14.01: The Discovery of Radioactivity
14.02: Types of Radioactivity- Alpha Beta and Gamma Decay
14.3: Radioactivity and Half-Life
14.4: Applications of Nuclear Chemistry
14.4.01: Detecting Radioactivity
14.4.02: Radiocarbon Dating- Using Radioactivity to Measure the Age of Fossils and Other Artifacts
14.4.03: The Discovery of Fission and the Atomic Bomb
14.4.04: Nuclear Power- Using Fission to Generate Electricity
14.4.05: Nuclear Fusion- The Power of the Sun
14.4.06: The Effects of Radiation on Life
14.4.07: Radioactivity in Medicine
14.E: Nuclear Chemistry (Exercises)
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