Nguồn ngoài

SCC: CHEM 300 - Beginning Chemistry

This is a lecture and laboratory course that covers the fundamental concepts of chemistry. This course assumes no previous knowledge of chemistry, presenting both chemical problem solving and laboratory skills. This course is intended primarily to prepare students for CHEM 400.

Chemistry

Tác giả: Marisa Alviar-Agnew
Nhà xuất bản: Sacramento City College
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Giấy phép: CC BY-NC-SA
Ngôn ngữ: EN
Danh mục: Khoa học cơ bản

Đọc trực tuyến Tải PDF (nguồn mở)

Mục lục· 168 mục

01: The Chemical World
1.01: The Scope of Chemistry
1.02: Chemicals Compose Ordinary Things
1.03: Hypothesis, Theories, and Laws
1.04: The Scientific Method- How Chemists Think
1.05: A Beginning Chemist- How to Succeed
1.E: Homework Chapter 1
1.E: Homework Chapter 1 Answers
02: Measurement and Problem Solving
2.01: Taking Measurements
2.02: Scientific Notation - Writing Large and Small Numbers
2.03: Significant Figures - Writing Numbers to Reflect Precision
2.04: Significant Figures in Calculations
2.05: The Basic Units of Measurement
2.06: Problem Solving and Unit Conversions
2.07: Solving Multistep Conversion Problems
2.08: Units Raised to a Power
2.09: Density
2.E: Homework Chapter 2
2.E: Homework Chapter 2 Answers
03: Matter and Energy
3.01: In Your Room
3.02: What is Matter?
3.03: Classifying Matter According to Its State- Solid, Liquid, and Gas
3.04: Classifying Matter According to Its Composition
3.05: Differences in Matter- Physical and Chemical Properties
3.06: Changes in Matter- Physical and Chemical Changes
3.07: Conservation of Mass- There is No New Matter
3.08: Energy
3.09: Energy and Chemical and Physical Change
3.10: Temperature- Random Motion of Molecules and Atoms
3.11: Temperature Changes- Heat Capacity
3.12: Energy and Heat Capacity Calculations
3.E: Homework Chapter 3
3.E: Homework Chapter 3 Answers
04: Atoms and Elements
4.01: Experiencing Atoms at Tiburon
4.02: Indivisible- The Atomic Theory
4.03: The Nuclear Atom
4.04: The Properties of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
4.05: Elements- Defined by Their Numbers of Protons
4.06: Looking for Patterns- The Periodic Law and the Periodic Table
4.07: Ions- Losing and Gaining Electrons
4.08: Isotopes- When the Number of Neutrons Varies
4.09: Atomic Mass- The Average Mass of an Element’s Atoms
4.E: Homework Chapter 4
4.E: Homework Chapter 4 Answers
05: Molecules and Compounds
5.01: Sugar and Salt
5.02: Compounds Display Constant Composition
5.03: Chemical Formulas- How to Represent Compounds
5.04: A Molecular View of Elements and Compounds
5.05: Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds
5.06: Nomenclature n- Naming Compounds
5.07: Naming Ionic Compounds
5.08: Naming Molecular Compounds
5.09: Naming Acids
5.10: Nomenclature Summary
5.11: Formula Mass- The Mass of a Molecule or Formula Unit
5.E: Homework Chapter 5
5.E: Homework Chapter 5 Answers
06: Chemical Composition
6.01: How Much Sodium
6.02: Counting Nails by the Pound
6.03: Counting Atoms by the Gram
6.04: Counting Molecules by the Gram
6.05: Chemical Formulas as Conversion Factors
6.06: Mass Percent Composition of Compounds
6.07: Mass Percent Composition from a Chemical Formula
6.08: Calculating Empirical Formulas for Compounds
6.09: Calculating Molecular Formulas for Compounds
6.E: Homework Chapter 6
6.E: Homework Chapter 6 Answers
07: Chemical Reactions
7.01: Grade School Volcanoes, Automobiles, and Laundry Detergents
7.02: Evidence of a Chemical Reaction
7.03: The Chemical Equation
7.04: How to Write Balanced Chemical Equations
7.05: Aqueous Solutions and Solubility- Compounds Dissolved in Water
7.06: Precipitation Reactions- Reactions in Aqueous Solution That Form a Solid
7.07: Writing Chemical Equations for Reactions in Solution- Molecular, Complete Ionic, and Net Ionic Equations
7.08: Acid–Base and Gas Evolution Reactions
7.09: Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
7.10: Classifying Chemical Reactions
7.11: The Activity Series
7.E: Chapter 7 Homework
7.E: Chapter 7 Homework Answers
08: Quantities in Chemical Reactions
8.01: Climate Change- Too Much Carbon Dioxide
8.02: Stoichiometry
8.03: Making Molecules- Mole-to-Mole Conversions
8.04: Making Molecules- Mass-to-Mass Conversions
8.05: Limiting Reactant, Theoretical Yield, and Percent Yield
8.06: Limiting Reactant, Theoretical Yield, and Percent Yield from Initial Masses of Reactants
8.07: Enthalpy- A Measure of the Heat Evolved or Absorbed in a Reaction
8.E: Homework Chapter 8
8.E: Homework Chapter 8 Answer Key
09: Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table
9.01: Blimps, Balloons, and Models of the Atom
9.02: Light- Electromagnetic Radiation
9.03: The Electromagnetic Spectrum
9.04: The Bohr Model- Atoms with Orbits
9.05: The Quantum-Mechanical Model- Atoms with Orbitals
9.06: Quantum-Mechanical Orbitals and Electron Configurations
9.07: Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
9.08: The Explanatory Power of the Quantum-Mechanical Model
9.09: Periodic Trends- Atomic Size, Ionization Energy, and Metallic Character
9.E: Homework Chapter 9
9.E: Homework Chapter 9 Answers
10: Chemical Bonding
10.01: Bonding Models and AIDS Drugs
10.02: Representing Valence Electrons with Dots
10.03: Lewis Structures of Ionic Compounds- Electrons Transferred
10.04: Covalent Lewis Structures- Electrons Shared
10.05: Writing Lewis Structures for Covalent Compounds
10.06: Resonance- Equivalent Lewis Structures for the Same Molecule
10.07: Predicting the Shapes of Molecules
10.08: Electronegativity and Polarity - Why Oil and Water Don’t Mix
10.09: Homework Chapter 10 Answers
10.E: Chapter 10 Homework
11: Gases
11.01: Extra-Long Straws
11.02: Kinetic Molecular Theory- A Model for Gases
11.03: Pressure- The Result of Constant Molecular Collisions
11.04: Boyle’s Law- Pressure and Volume
11.05: Charles’s Law- Volume and Temperature
11.06: Gay-Lussac's Law- Temperature and Pressure
11.07: The Combined Gas Law- Pressure, Volume, and Temperature
11.08: Avogadro’s Law- Volume and Moles
11.09: The Ideal Gas Law- Pressure, Volume, Temperature, and Moles
11.10: Mixtures of Gases- Why Deep-Sea Divers Breathe a Mixture of Helium and Oxygen
12: Liquids Solids and Intermolecular Forces
12.01: Interactions between Molecules
12.02: Properties of Liquids and Solids
12.03: Intermolecular Forces in Action - Surface Tension and Viscosity
12.04: Evaporation and Condensation
12.05: Melting, Freezing, and Sublimation
12.06: Types of Intermolecular Forces- Dispersion, Dipole–Dipole, Hydrogen Bonding, and Ion-Dipole
12.07: Types of Crystalline Solids- Molecular, Ionic, and Atomic
12.08: Water - A Remarkable Molecule
12.E: Homework Chapter 12
12.E: Homework Chapter 12 Answers
13: Solutions
13.01: Prelude - Tragedy in Cameroon
13.02: Solutions- Homogeneous Mixtures
13.03: Solutions of Solids Dissolved in Water- How to Make Rock Candy
13.04: Solutions of Gases in Water- How Soda Pop Gets Its Fizz
13.05: Solution Concentration- Mass Percent
13.06: Solution Concentration- Molarity
13.07: Solution Dilution
13.08: Solution Stoichiometry
13.09: Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation- Making Water Freeze Colder and Boil Hotter
13.10: Osmosis- Why Drinking Salt Water Causes Dehydration
13.E: Homework Chapter 13
13.E: Homework Chapter 13 Answers
14: Acids and Bases
14.01: Sour Patch Kids and International Spy Movies
14.02: Acids- Properties and Examples
14.03: Bases- Properties and Examples
14.04: Molecular Definitions of Acids and Bases
14.05: Reactions of Acids and Bases
14.06: Acid–Base Titration- A Way to Quantify the Amount of Acid or Base in a Solution
14.07: Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
14.08: Water- Acid and Base in One
14.09: The pH and pOH Scales- Ways to Express Acidity and Basicity
14.10: Buffers- Solutions That Resist pH Change
14.E: Homework Chapter 14
14.E: Homework Chapter 14 Answers