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PGCC Microbiology

"Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2" by NIAID is licensed under CC BY 2.0.

Biology

Tác giả: Glenn F Gebler and Yuda A Anriany
Nhà xuất bản: Prince George's Community College
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Ngôn ngữ: EN
Danh mục: Khoa học cơ bản

Đọc trực tuyến Tải PDF (nguồn mở)

Mục lục· 227 mục

01: Introduction to Microbiology
1.01: Introduction to Microbiology
1.02: The Roles of Microbes
1.03: Classification Phylogeny and Nomenclature
1.04: Carl Woese and the Phylogenetic Tree
1.05: Types of Cells and Microorganisms
1.06: History of Microbiology
1.6.01: Hooke van Leeuwenhoek and Cohn
1.6.02: Pasteur and Spontaneous Generation
1.6.03: What Causes Diseases
1.6.04: Koch and Pure Culture
1.6.05: Koch's Postulate
1.6.06: Improvement in Public Health
1.6.07: The Discovery of Antimicrobial Drugs
1.6.E: The History (Exercises)
02: Chemistry of Microbiology
2.01: Atomic Structure
2.1.01: Overview of Atomic Structure
2.1.02: Electronic Orbitals
2.02: Chemical Bonds
2.2.01: Ions and Ionic Bonds
2.2.02: Covalent Bonds and Other Bonds and Interaction
2.2.03: Hydrogen Bonding
2.03: Chemical Reactions
2.3.01: The Chemical Basis of Life
2.3.02: Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules
2.3.03: Energy and Biochemical Reactions
2.04: Water and pH
2.4.01: Biochemical Properties of Water
2.4.02: pH Buffers Acids and Bases
2.05: Organic Compounds
2.5.01: Organic Molecules
2.5.02: Carbohydrate Molecules
2.5.03: Lipid Molecules
2.5.04: DNA and RNA
2.5.05: Amino Acids
2.5.06: ATP- Adenosine Triphosphate
2.5.E: Organic Molecules (Exercises)
03: Cell Structure and Function
3.01: Characteristics of Life
3.02: Cells and Cell Theory
3.2.01: Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
3.03: Prokaryotic External Structures
3.3.01: Bacteria Surface Structures
3.3.02: Flagella
3.3.03: Fimbriae and Pili
3.04: Prokaryote Cell Wall
3.4.01: Antibiotics and Selective Toxicity
3.4.02: Gram-Negative Wall
3.4.03: Gram-Positive Cell Wall
3.4.04: Archaea Cell Wall
3.05: Prokaryote Plasma Membrane
3.5.01: Components and Structure - Fluid Mosaic Model
3.06: Endospores
3.6.01: Fungal Spores
3.07: Eukaryotic External Structures
3.08: Eukaryotic Plasma Membrane and The Cytoplasm
3.8.01: The Plasma Membrane and Transport
3.8.1.01: The Plasma Membrane
3.8.1.02: Transport Across Membranes
3.8.1.03: Passive Transport - Diffusion
3.8.1.04: Passive Transport - Facilitated Transport
3.8.1.05: Passive Transport - Osmosis
3.8.1.06: Active Transport
3.8.02: Endocytosis
3.09: Eukaryote Organelles
3.10: Serial Endosymbiosis Theory (SET)
04: Microscopy Staining and Classification
4.01: Units of Measure
4.02: Staining Microscopic Specimens
4.03: Classification and Identification
4.3.01: Kingdom Classification According to Whittaker
4.3.02: Domain Classification According to Woese
4.04: Microscopy
4.4.01: The Properties of Light
4.4.02: Types of Microscopes
05: Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology
5.01: Microbe and Human Symbiotic Relationships
5.02: Human Microbiota
5.2.01: Opportunistic Pathogens
5.03: Infectious Diseases Characteristics and Classification
5.3.01: Kochs Postulates
5.04: Virulence Factors
5.4.01: Virulence Factors that Promote Colonization
5.4.1.01: The Ability to Use Motility and Other Means to Contact Host Cells
5.4.1.02: The Ability to Adhere to Host Cells and Resist Physical Removal
5.4.1.03: The Ability to Evade Adaptive Immune Defenses
5.4.02: Virulence Factors that Damage the Host
5.05: Reservoirs of Infection and Disease Transmission
5.06: Introduction to Epidemiology
5.6.01: Epidemiology
5.6.1.01: Descriptive Epidemiology
5.6.1.02: Analytical Epidemiology
5.6.1.03: Experimental Epidemiology
5.6.02: Nosocomial Infections
5.6.2.01: Transmission of Nosocomial Infection
5.6.2.02: Control of Nosocomial Infections
5.6.03: Global Public Health
5.6.3I: Current Epidemics
06: Immunology
6.01: Overview of the Immune System
6.1.01: Cells and Organs of the Immune System
6.02: Non-Adaptive Immunity
6.2.01: Pathogen Recognition
6.2.1.01: Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) and Danger-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs)
6.2.1.02: Pattern-Recognition Receptors (PRRs)
6.2.02: The Complement System
6.2.03: Interferons
6.2.04: Natural Killer Cells
6.2.05: Dendritic Cells
6.2.06: Inflammation and Fever
6.03: Adaptive Immunity
6.3.01: Antigen Epitopes
6.3.02: Humoral Immune Response
6.3.2.01: B Lymphocytes and Antibodies
6.3.2.02: Antibody Structure
6.3.2.03: Antibody Functions
6.3.03: Cell-Mediated Immunity
6.3.3.01: T Lymphocytes
6.3.04: Immunological Memory Primary and Secondary Adaptive Response
07: Microbial Metabolism
7.01: Introduction to Metabolism and Enzymes
7.1.01: Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
7.02: Catabolism of Glucose (1)- Stages 1-3 of Cellular Respiration
7.2A: Alternative to Glycolysis- the Entner-Doudoroff Pathway
7.2B: Alternative to Glycolysis- the Pentose Phosphate Shunt
7.03: Catabolism of Glucose (2)- Stage 4- Oxidative Phosphorylation
7.04: Catabolism of Glucose (3)- In the Absence of Oxygen
7.4.01: Electron Donors and Acceptors in Anaerobic Respiration
7.4.02: Fermentation
7.05: Catabolism of Lipids and Proteins
7.06: Anabolism of Glucose- Photosynthesis
7.6.01: The Two Parts of Photosynthesis
7.6.02: The Process of Photosynthesis
7.07: Other Anabolism
7.7.01: Amino Acid Synthesis
7.7.02: Polysaccharide Biosynthesis
7.7.03: Lipid Biosynthesis
7.E: Microbial Metabolism (Exercises)
08: Microbial Growth
8.01: How Bacteria Grow
8.02: Factors that Affect Bacterial Growth
8.2.01: Temperature Effects on Bacterial Growth
8.2.02: pH Effects on Bacterial Growth
8.2.03: Nitrogen Effects on Bacterial Growth
8.2.04: Oxygen Effects on Bacterial Growth
8.2.05: Other Environmental Effects on Bacterial Growth
8.03: Bacterial Quorum Sensing
8.04: Culturing Bacteria
8.4.01: Media Used for Bacterial Growth
8.4.02: Culture Media
8.4.03: Complex and Synthetic Media
8.4.04: Selective and Differential Media
8.4.05: Special Culture Techniques
8.05: Growth Characteristics
8.5.01: Generation Time
09: Microbial Genetics
9.01: Genome DNA and Genes
9.1.01: The Structure and Function of Cellular Genomes
9.1.02: Plasmids
9.1.2A: Introduction to Plasmids
9.1.2B: Types of Plasmids and Their Biological Significance
9.1.03: Structure and Function of DNA
9.1.04: Structure and Function of RNA
9.1.05: What Are Genes
9.1.E: Biochemistry of the Genome (Exercises)
9.02: DNA Replication
9.03: RNA Transcription
9.3A: mRNA Processing
9.04: Protein Synthesis (Translation)
9.05: Mutations
9.5A: DNA Repair
9.06: Gene Regulation - Operon Theory
9.07: How Asexual Prokaryotes Achieve Genetic Diversity
9.E: Mechanisms of Microbial Genetics (Exercises)
10: Control of Microbial Growth
10.01: Controlling Microbial Growth
10.02: Testing the Effectiveness of Antiseptics and Disinfectants
10.03: Using Physical Methods to Control Microorganisms
10.04: Using Chemicals to Control Microorganisms
10.E: Control of Microbial Growth (Exercises)
11: Viruses and Other Agents
11.01: Viruses - General Characteristics
11.02: The Viral Life Cycle and Host Infection Specificity
11.2.01: Medical Importance of Viruses
11.2.02: The Baltimore Virus Classification
11.2.03: Evolution of Viruses
11.03: Prevention and Treatment of Viral Infections
11.04: The Role of Viruses in Tumor Production
11.05: Culturing Viruses
11.5.01: Isolation Culture and Identification of Viruses
11.5.02: Tissue Culture of Animal Viruses
11.5.03: Batch Culture of Bacteriophages
11.06: Viroids and Prions
12: Antimicrobial Drugs
12.01: Overview of Antimicrobial Therapy
12.1A: Origins of Antimicrobial Drugs
12.1B: Antibiotic Discovery
12.1C: Antibiotics and Selective Toxicity
12.1D: Spectrum of Antimicrobial Activity
12.1E: Antibiotic Classifications
12.02: Functions of Antimicrobial Drugs
12.2A: Inhibiting Cell Wall Synthesis
12.2B: Injuring the Plasma Membrane
12.2C: Inhibiting Nucleic Acid Synthesis
12.2D: Inhibiting Protein Synthesis
12.2E: Inhibiting Essential Metabolite Synthesis
12.03: Commonly Used Antimicrobial Drugs
12.3A: Synthetic Antimicrobial Drugs
12.3B: Naturally Occurring Antimicrobial Drugs- Antibiotics
12.3C: Beta-Lactam Antibiotics- Penicillins and Cephalosporins
12.3D: Antibiotics from Prokaryotes
12.3E: Antimycobacterial Antibiotics
12.04: Interactions Between Drug and Host
12.4A: Organ Toxicity
12.4B: Allergic Responses to Drugs
12.4C: Suppression and Alteration of Microbiota by Antimicrobials
12.4D: Effects of Drug Combinations
12.05: Measuring Drug Susceptibility
12.5A: Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)
12.5B: Kirby-Bauer Disk Susceptibility Test
12.06: Drug Resistance
12.6A: Mechanisms of Resistance
12.6B: Antibiotic Misuse
12.6C: Cost and Prevention of Resistance
12.6D: Biofilms Persisters and Antibiotic Tolerance
12.6E: Finding New Antimicrobial Drugs