Nguồn ngoài

Organic Chemistry - Textbook for Chem 2443

This online textbook will serve as a resource for organic chemistry students taking Chem 2443. All materials are in conjunction with the course schedule. This material was compiled by Dr. Kiet Tran.

Chemistry

Tác giả: Kiet Tran
Nhà xuất bản: University of Connecticut
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Ngôn ngữ: EN
Danh mục: Khoa học cơ bản

Đọc trực tuyến Tải PDF (nguồn mở)

Mục lục· 128 mục

01: General Chemistry Topics Review
1.01: Ionic and Covalent Bonds - The Octet Rule
1.02: Electron-Dot Model of Bonding - Lewis Structures
1.03: Resonance Forms
1.04: Hybrid Orbitals- Bonding in Complex Molecules and Practice Problems
1.05: Structures and Formulas of Organic Molecules
1.06: Polar Covalent Bonds - Electronegativity
1.07: Polar Covalent Bonds - Dipole Moments
02: Alkanes
2.01: Alkanes and Alkane Isomers
2.02: Alkyl Groups
2.03: Naming Alkanes
2.04: Properties of Alkanes
2.05: Conformations of Ethane
2.06: Conformations of Other Alkanes
2.07: Videos
03: Acids and Bases
3.01: Acids and Bases - The Brnsted-Lowry Definition
3.02: Acid and Base Strength
3.03: Organic Acids and Organic Bases
3.04: Acids and Bases - The Lewis Definition
3.05: Videos
3.S: Polar Covalent Bonds Acids and Bases (Summary)
04: Alkenes and Alkynes
4.01: Introduction to Alkenes
4.02: Calculating Degree of Unsaturation
4.03: Naming Alkenes
4.04: Cis-Trans Isomerism in Alkenes
4.05: Sequence Rules - The EZ Designation
4.06: Sequence Rules - The EZ Designation
4.07: Electrophilic Addition Reactions of Alkenes
4.08: Naming the Alkynes
4.09: Properties and Bonding in the Alkynes
4.10: Reduction of Alkynes- The Relative Reactivity of the Two (pi) Bonds
4.11: Electrophilic Addition Reactions of Alkynes
4.12: Videos
05: Electrophilic Addition Reactions
5.01: Why Addition Reactions Proceed- Thermodynamic Feasibility
5.02: Catalytic Hydrogenation
5.03: Nucleophilic Character of the Pi Bond- Electrophilic Addition of Hydrogen Halides
5.04: The Generality of Electrophilic Addition
5.05: Electrophilic Addition of Halogens to Alkenes
5.06: Alcohol Synthesis by Electrophilic Hydration- Thermodynamic Control
5.07: Oxymncuration-Demercuration- A Special Elcctrophilic Addition
5.08: Hydroboration-Oxidation- A Stereospecific Anti-Markovnikov Hydration
5.09: Vicinal SYn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetroxide
5.10: Oxidative Cleavage- Ozonolysis
5.11: Anti-Markovnikov Additions to Triple Bonds
5.12: Video (all videos on this website are recommended)
06: Stereochemistry
6.01: All Stereochemistry Topics
6.1.01: Chiral Molecules
6.1.02: Optical Activity
6.1.03: Absolute Configuration- R-S Sequence Rules
6.1.04: Fischer Projections
6.1.05: Molecules Incorporating Several Stereocenters- Diastereomers
6.1.06: Meso Compounds
6.1.07: Stereochemistry in Chemical Reactions
6.1.08: Resolution- Separation of Enantiomers
6.1.E: Stereoisomers (Exercises)
6.02: Videos
07: Cycloalkanes
7.01: All Cycloalkane Topics
7.1.01: Names and Physical Properties of Cycloalkanes
7.1.02: Ring Strain and the Structure of Cycloalkanes
7.1.03: Cyclohexane- A Strain-Free Cycloalkane
7.1.04: Substituted Cyclohexanes
7.1.05: Larger Cycloalkanes
7.1.06: Polycyclic Alkanes
7.1.07: Carbocyclic Products in Nature
7.1.E: Cycloalkanes (Exercises)
7.02: Videos
08: Nomenclature of Functional Groups and Intermolecular Interactions
8.01: Naming Alcohols and Phenols
8.02: Properties of Alcohols and Phenols
8.03: Thiols and Sulfides
8.04: Names and Properties of Ethers
8.05: Physical Properties of Haloalkanes
8.06: Videos
09: Reactions of Alkyl Halides
9.01: Preparation of Alkynes by Double Elimination
9.02: Alkyl Halide Reactivity - Substitution Reactions
9.2.01: Physical Properties of Haloalkanes
9.2.02: Nucleophilic Substitution
9.2.03: Reaction Mechanisms Involving Polar Functional Groups- Using Electron-Pushing' Arrows
9.2.04: A Closer Look at the Nucleophilic Substitution Mechanism- Kinetics
9.2.05: Frontside or Backside Attack Stereochemistry of the SN2 Reaction
9.2.06: Consequences of Inversion in SN2 Reactions
9.2.07: Structure and (S N2) Reactivity- The Leaving Group
9.2.08: Structure and SN2 Reactivity- The Nucleophile
9.2.09: Keys to Success- Choosing Among Multiple Mechanistic Pathways
9.2.10: Reaction Mechanisms Involving Polar Functional Groups- Using Electron-Pushing' Arrows
9.2.11: Structure and SN2 Reactivity- The Substrate
9.2.12: The Sn2 Reaction at a Glance
9.2.13: Stereochemical Consequences of SN1 Reactions
9.2.14: Stereochemical Consequences of SN1 Reactions
9.2.15: Effect of the Alkyl Group on the SN 1 Reaction- Carbocation Stability
9.2.E: Properties and Reactions of Haloalkanes- Bimolecular Nucleophilic Substitution (Exercises)
9.03: Alkyl Halide Reactivity - Elimination Reactions
9.3.01: Unimolecular Elimination- E1
9.3.02: Bimolecular Elimination- E2
9.04: Keys to Success- Substitutin Versus Elimination-Structure Determines Function
9.05: Summary of Reactivity of Haloalkanes
9.06: Videos
9.E: Further Reactions of Haloalkanes- Unimolecular Substitution (Exercises)
10: Carbenes and Free-Radicals
10.01: Diazomethane Carbenes and Cyclopropane Synthesis
10.02: 12.13-Radical Additions- Anti-Markovnikov Product Formation
10.03: Dimerization Oligomerization. and Polymerization of Alkenes
10.04: Synthesis of Polymers
10.05: Videos - Intro to Free Radical Halogenation
10.06: Video - Polymerization of Alkenes
11: Reactions of Alcohols
11.01: Alcohols as Acids and Bases
11.02: Reactions of Alcohols with Base- Preparation of Alkoxides
11.03: Synthesis of Alcohols by Nucleophilic Substitution
11.04: Synthesis of Alcohols- Oxidation-Reduction Relation Between Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds
11.05: Organometallic Reagents- Sources of Nucleophilic Carbon for Alcohol Synthesis
11.06: Organometallic Reagents in the Synthesis of Alcohols
11.07: Keys to Success- An Introduction to Synthetic Strategy
11.08: Williamson Ether Synthesis
11.09: Synthesis of Ethers- Alcohols and Mineral Acids
11.10: Videos
12: Ethers and Epoxides
12.01: Reactions of Ethers
12.02: Reactions of Oxacyclopropanes (Epoxides)
12.03: Videos - Preparation of epoxides
12.04: Video - Reactivity of epoxides