Nguồn ngoài

Early World Civilizations

Early world civilizations refer to the ancient societies that emerged and flourished in various regions across the globe, laying the groundwork for the development of human civilization. These civilizations emerged independently and at different times, each contributing unique advancements in culture, technology, governance, and trade.

History Humanities

Tác giả: Lumen Learning
Nhà xuất bản: Lumen Learning
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Giấy phép: CC BY-SA
Ngôn ngữ: EN

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Mục lục· 176 mục

01: The Study of History and the Rise of Civilization
1.01: Splitting History
1.02: Dates and Calendars
1.03: The Imperfect Historical Record
1.04: Historical Bias
1.05: The Evolution of Humans
1.06: The Neolithic Revolution
02: Ancient Mesopotamian Civilizations
2.01: The Sumerians
2.02: The Assyrians
2.03: River Valley Civilizations
2.04: The Akkadian Empire
2.05: Ur
2.06: Babylon
2.07: Hammurabis Code
2.08: Babylonian Culture
2.09: Nebuchadnezzar and the Fall of Babylon
03: Early Civilizations of Africa and the Andes
3.01: Sao
3.02: Ancient Carthage
3.03: The Caral Civilization
3.04: The Chavin Civilization
3.05: The Valdivia Culture
04: Ancient Egypt
4.01: Ancient Egyptian Religion
4.02: Ancient Egyptian Art
4.03: Ancient Egyptian Monuments
4.04: Ancient Egyptian Trade
4.05: Ancient Egyptian Culture
4.06: Nubia and Ancient Culture
4.07: The Rise of Egyptian Civilization
4.08: The Old Kingdom
4.09: The First Intermediate Period
4.10: The Middle Kingdom
4.11: The Second Intermediate Period
4.12: The New Kingdom
4.13: Hatshepsut
4.14: The Third Intermediate Period
4.15: The Decline of Ancient Egypt
05: Early Chinese Dynasties
5.01: The Eastern Zhou Period
5.02: The Warring States Period
5.03: Chinese Philosophy
5.04: The Qin Dynasty
5.05: The Rise of the Han Dynasty
5.06: The Silk Road
5.07: The Eastern Han Period
5.08: Invention of Paper
5.09: The Fall of the Han and the Three Kingdoms Period
5.10: The Mythical Period
5.11: The Xia Dynasty
5.12: Introduction to the Shang Dynasty
5.13: Society Under the Shang Dynasty
5.14: Shang Religion
5.15: Advancements Under the Shang
5.16: The Mandate of Heaven
5.17: Society Under the Zhou Dynasty
5.18: Art Under the Zhou Dynasty
06: Early Civilizations in the Indian Subcontinent
6.01: The Sramana Movement
6.02: Buddhism
6.03: Jainism
6.04: The Achaemenid Empire
6.05: Government and Trade in the Achaemenid Empire
6.06: Zoroastrianism
6.07: Rise of the Maurya Empire
6.08: Expansion of the Maurya Empire
6.09: Centralization in the Maurya Empire
6.10: Ashokas Conversion
6.11: The Indus River Valley Civilization
6.12: Decline of the Maurya Empire
6.13: Expansion and Decline of the Kushan Empire
6.14: Rise of the Gupta Empire
6.15: The Golden Age of India
6.16: Decline of the Gupta Empire
6.17: Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization
6.18: Harappan Culture
6.19: Disappearance of the Indus Valley Civilization
6.20: The Indo-Aryan Migration and the Vedic Period
6.21: The Caste System
6.22: Sanskrit
6.23: The Vedas
6.24: The Rise of Hinduism
07: The Rise and Spread of Islam
7.01: Expansion Under the Umayyad Caliphates
7.02: Spread of Islam
7.03: The Islamic Golden Age
7.04: The Abbasid Empire
7.05: The Nomadic Tribes of Arabia
7.06: Arabian Cities
7.07: Culture and Religion in Pre-Islamic Arabia
7.08: Women in Pre-Islamic Arabia
7.09: Early Life of Muhammad
7.10: The Quran
7.11: Flight from Mecca to Medina
7.12: Islam Ascendant
7.13: Muhammads Successors
08: The Development of Russia
8.01: Rurik and the Foundation of Rus
8.02: Vladimir I and Christianization
8.03: Yaroslav the Wise
8.04: The Mongol Threat
8.05: Ivan I and the Rise of Moscow
8.06: The Formation of Russia
8.07: Ivan the Terrible
8.08: The Time of Troubles
8.09: The Romanovs
09: The Mongol Empire
9.01: Overview of the Mongol Empire
9.02: Genghis Khan
9.03: Expansion Throughout Eastern Asia
9.04: Expansion Throughout Central and Western Asia
9.05: The Mongols in Eastern Europe
9.06: Administrative Reform in the Mongol Empire
9.07: Kublai Khan
10: Chinese Dynasties
10.01: Technological Advancements under the Song
10.02: The Mongol Invasions
10.03: Trade and Currency under the Yuan
10.04: Decline of the Yuan Dynasty
10.05: Rise of the Ming Dynasty
10.06: The Economy under the Ming Dynasty
10.07: The Role of Foreign Trade
10.08: Art under the Ming Dynasty
10.09: Fall of the Ming Dynasty
10.10: Rise of the Tang Dynasty
10.11: Trade Under the Tang Dynasty
10.12: Religion Under the Tang Dynasty
10.13: The Literati
10.14: Decline of the Tang Dynasty
10.15: Origins of the Song Dynasty
10.16: The Northern Song Era
10.17: The Southern Song Era
10.18: Culture Under the Song Dynasty
11: African Civilizations
11.01: Kingdom of Aksum
11.02: The Sultanates of Somalia
11.03: Ethiopia and Eritrea
11.04: Namibia
11.05: Great Zimbabwe
11.06: The Swahili Culture
11.07: The Kingdoms of Madagascar
11.08: The Bantu Migration
11.09: Post-Byzantine Egypt
11.10: Islamic Conquest of the Maghreb
11.11: Nubia
11.12: Bornu Empire
11.13: The Ghana Empire
11.14: Mali
11.15: Songhai
11.16: The Yoruba States
12: Civilizations in the Americas
12.01: The Mixtec
12.02: Teotihuacan
12.03: The Zapotec
12.04: The Preclassic Period of the Maya
12.05: The Classic Period of the Maya
12.06: The Decline of the Maya
12.07: The Toltecs
12.08: The Aztec People
12.09: Aztec Religion
12.10: The Aztec in the Colonial Period
12.11: The Moche
12.12: Great Basin Culture
12.13: Pacific Coast Culture
12.14: Eastern Woodland Culture
12.15: Southwestern Culture
12.16: Mississippian Culture
12.17: The Nazca
12.18: The Sican
12.19: Chimu
12.20: The Inca People
12.21: Administration of the Inca Empire
12.22: Religion in the Inca Empire
12.23: The Spanish Conquest
12.24: The Olmec