Nguồn ngoài

Practical Meteorology

This book is an algebra-based survey of atmospheric science. This book is designed for students and professionals who want to understand and apply basic meteorological concepts, but who do not need to derive equations. The equation and could serve the fields of Atmospheric Science, Meteorology, Environmental Science, Engineering, Air Quality, Climatology, and Geography. The text involves primarily algebra to allow the physical meaning.

Meteorology and Climate Science Geosciences

Tác giả: Roland Stull
Nhà xuất bản: University of British Columbia
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Giấy phép: CC BY-NC-SA
Ngôn ngữ: EN
Danh mục: Khoa học cơ bản

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Mục lục· 230 mục

01: Atmospheric Basics
1.00: Pressure Instruments
1.01: Review
1.02: Homework Exercises
1.03: Introduction
1.04: Meteorological Concentions
1.05: Earth Frameworks Reviewed
1.06: Thermodynamic State
1.07: Atmospheric Structure
1.08: Equation of State-Ideal Gas Law
1.09: Hydrostatic Equilibrium
1.10: Hypsometric Equation
1.11: Process Terminology
02: Solar and Infrared Radiation
2.00: Orbital Factors
2.01: 2.2. Flux
2.02: Radiation Principles
2.03: Surface Radiation Budget
2.04: Actinometers
2.05: Review
2.06: Homework Exercises
03: Thermodynamics
3.00: Homework Exercises
3.01: Internal Energy
3.02: First Law of Thermodynamics
3.03: Frameworks
3.04: Heat Budget of an Unsaturated Air Parcel
3.05: Heat Budget at a Fixed Location
3.06: Heat Budget at Earth's Surface
3.07: Apparent Temperature Indices
3.08: Temperature Sensors
3.09: Review
04: Water Vapor
4.00: Vapor Pressure at Saturation
4.01: Moisture Variables
4.02: Total Water
4.03: Lagrangian Budgets
4.04: Water Budget at a Fixed Location
4.05: Humidity Instruments
4.06: Review
4.07: Homework Exercises
05: Atmospheric Stability
5.00: Homework Exercises
5.01: Large-Size Thermo Diagrams
5.02: Building a Thermo-Diagram
5.03: 5.2. Types of Thermo Diagrams
5.04: More on the Skew-T
5.05: Guide for Quick Identification of Thermo Diagrams
5.06: Thermo-Diagram Applications
5.07: An Air Parcel and its Environment
5.08: Flow Stability
5.09: Finding tropopause Height and Mixed-Layer Depth
5.10: Review
06: Clouds
6.00: Homework Exercises
6.01: Processes Causing Saturation
6.02: 6.2. Cloub Indentification
6.03: Cloud Organization
6.04: Cloud Classification
6.05: Sky Cover (Cloud Amount)
6.06: Cloud Sizes
6.07: Fractal Cloud Shapes
6.08: Fog
6.09: 6.9. Review
07: Precipitation Processes
7.00: Homework Exercises
7.01: Supersaturation and Water Availability
7.02: Nucleation of Liquid Droplets
7.03: Nucleation of Ice Crystals
7.04: Liquid Droplet Growth by Diffusion
7.05: Ice Growth by Diffusion
7.06: Collision and Collection
7.07: Precipitation Characteristics
7.08: Precipitation Measurement
7.09: Review
08: Satellites and Radar
8.00: Radiative Transfer for Satellites
8.01: Weather Satellites
8.02: Weather Radars
8.03: Review
8.04: Homework Exercises
09: Weather Reports and Map Analysis
9.00: Sea-level Pressure Reduction
9.01: Meteorological Reports and Observations
9.02: Synoptic Weather Maps
9.03: Review
9.04: Homework Exercies
10: Atmospheric Forces and Winds
10.00: Winds and Weather Maps
10.01: Newton's 2nd Law
10.02: Section 3-
10.03: Section 4-
10.04: Section 5-
10.05: Section 6-
10.7: Vertical Forces and Motion
10.8: Consercation of Air Mass
10.9: Kinematics
10.10: Measuring Winds
10.11.: Review
10.12: Homework Exercises
11: General Circulation
11.00: Section 1-
11.01: Section 2-
11.02: Section 3-
11.03: Section 4-
11.04: Section 5-
11.05: Section 6-
11.7: Explaining the General Circulation
11.8: Jet Streams
11.9: Types of Vorticity
11.10: Horizontal Circulation
11.11: Extratropical Ridges and Troughs (Rossby Waves)
11.12: Three-band Global Circulation
11.13: Ekman Spiral of Ocean Currents
11.14: Review
11.15: Homework Exercises
12: Fronts and Airmasses
12.00: Section 1-
12.01: Section 2-
12.02: Section 3-
12.03: Section 4-
12.04: Section 5-
12.05: Section 6-
12.7: Bent-Back Fronts and Sting Jets
12.8: Upper-Tropospheric Fronts
12.9: Drylines
12.10: Review
12.11: Homework Exercises
13: Extratropical Cyclones
13.00: Section 1-
13.01: Section 2-
13.02: Section 3-
13.03: Section 4-
13.04: Section 5-
13.05: Section 6-
13.7: Cyclone Self Development
13.8: Review
13.9: Homework Exercises
14: Thunderstorm Fundamentals
14.00: Section 1-
14.01: Section 2-
14.02: Section 3-
14.03: Section 4-
14.04: Section 5-
14.05: Section 6-
14.7: Thunderstorm Forecasting
14.8: Storm Case Study
14.9: Review
14.10: Homework Exercises
15: Thunderstorm Hazards
15.00: Section 1-
15.01: Section 2-
15.02: Section 3-
15.03: Section 4-
15.04: Section 5-
15.05: Section 6-
16: Tropical Cyclones
16.00: Section 1-
16.01: Section 2-
16.02: Section 3-
16.03: Section 4-
16.04: Section 5-
16.05: Section 6-
16.7: Climatology
16.8: Hazards
16.9: Tropical Cyclone Forecasting
16.10: Review
16.11: Homework Exercises
17: Regional Winds
17.00: Section 1-
17.01: Section 2-
17.02: Section 3-
17.03: Section 4-
17.04: Section 5-
17.05: Section 6-
17.7: Mountain Waves
17.8: Streamlines Streaklines and Trajectories
17.9: Bernoulli's Equation
17.10: Downslope Winds
17.11: Canopy Flows
17.12: Review
17.13: Homework Exercises
18: Atmospheric Boundary Layer
18.00: Section 1-
18.01: Section 2-
18.02: Section 3-
18.03: Section 4-
18.04: Section 5-
18.05: Section 6-
18.8: Homework Exercises
19: Pollutant Dispersion
19.00: Section 1-
19.01: Section 2-
19.02: Section 3-
19.03: Section 4-
19.04: Section 5-
19.05: Section 6-
19.7: Dispersion in Unstable Boundary Layers (Convective Mixed Layers)
19.8: Review
19.9. Homework Exercises
20: Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP)
20.00: Section 1-
20.01: Section 2-
20.02: Section 3-
20.03: Section 4-
20.04: Section 5-
20.05: Section 6-
20.7: Forecast Quality and Verfication
20.8. Review
20.9: Homework Exercises
21: Natural Climate Processes
21.00: New Page
21.01: New Page
21.02: New Page
21.03: New Page
21.5: Gaia Hypothesis and Daisyworld
21.6: GCMS
21.7: Present Climate
21.8: Natural Oscillations
21.9: Review
21.10: Homework Exercises
22: Atmospheric Optics
22.00: New Page
22.01: New Page
22.02: New Page
22.03: New Page
22.5: Diffraction and Interference
22.6: Mirages
22.7: Review
22.8: Homework Exercises