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EXPLORATIONS: An Open Invitation to Biological Anthropology 2e

Explorations is the first comprehensive, peer-reviewed, open access textbook for post-secondary biological anthropology courses, and the public.

Anthropology Social Sciences

Tác giả: Beth Shook, Katie Nelson, Kelsie Aguilera, & Lara Braff, Eds.
Nhà xuất bản: LibreTexts
Nguồn: LibreTexts
Giấy phép: CC BY-NC
Ngôn ngữ: EN
Danh mục: Khoa học cơ bản

Đọc trực tuyến Tải PDF (nguồn mở)

Mục lục· 203 mục

01: Introduction to Biological Anthropology
1.01: What is Anthropology
1.02: The Subdisciplines
1.03: Anthropological Approaches
1.04: What is Biological Anthropology
1.05: Anthropologists as Scientists
1.06: Ways of Knowing - Science Faith and Anthropology
1.07: Review Questions
1.08: Key Terms
1.09: End of Chapter Content
02: A History of Evolutionary Thought
2.01: The Beginnings of Evolutionary Thinking
2.02: Western European Evolutionary Thought
2.03: The Journey to Natural Selection
2.04: What Darwin was Missing
2.05: Evolution and Natural Selection Observable Today
2.06: Misconceptions about Human Evolution
2.07: Are We Still Evolving
2.08: Key Developments in Evolutionary Thought
2.09: Review Questions
2.10: Key Terms
2.11: End of Chapter Content
03: Molecular Biology and Genetics
3.01: Cells and Molecules
3.02: Introduction to Genetics
3.03: DNA Replication and Cell Division
3.04: Protein Synthesis
3.05: Mendelian Genetics
3.06: Other Patterns of Inheritance
3.07: Genomics and Epigenetics
3.08: Genetic Testing
3.09: Review Questions
3.10: Key Terms
3.11: End of Chapter Content
04: Forces of Evolution
4.01: The Modern Synthesis
4.02: Population Genetics
4.03: The Force of Evolution
4.04: Studying Evolution in Action
4.05: Review Questions
4.06: Key Terms
4.07: End of Chapter Content
05: Meet the Living Primates
5.01: Studying Primates in Biological Anthropology
5.02: What Makes Something a Primate
5.03: Key Traits Used to Distinguish Between Primate Taxa
5.04: Primate Diversity
5.05: Review Questions
5.06: Key Terms
5.07: End of Chapter Content
06: Primate Ecology and Behavior
6.01: Ethology and Primatology
6.02: Ecology
6.03: Primate Societies
6.04: Reproductive Strategies
6.05: Communication
6.06: The Question of Future
6.07: Conclusions
6.08: Review Questions
6.09: Key Terms
6.10: End of Chapter Content
07: Stones and Bones - Studying the Fossil Record
7.01: Fossil Study - A Evolving Process
7.02: Earth - It is Older than Dirt
7.03: Fossils- The Taphonomic Process
7.04: Fossilization
7.05: Voice From the Past - What Fossils Can Tell Us
7.06: Review Questions
7.07: Key Terms
7.08: End of Chapter Content
08: Primate Evolution
8.01: Major Hypotheses About Primate Origins
8.02: The Origin of Primates
8.03: The Emergence of Modern Primate Groups
8.04: Planet of Apes
8.05: Review Questions
8.06: Key Terms
8.07: End of Chapter Content
09: Early Hominins
9.01: Defining Hominins
9.02: Paleoenvironment and Hominin Evolution
9.03: Derived Adaptations - Bipedalism
9.04: Derived Adaptations - Early Hominin Dentition
9.05: The Genus Australopithecus
9.06: Early Tool Use and Technology
9.07: Hominin Charts
9.08: Review Questions
9.09: Key Terms
9.10: End of Chapter Content
10: Early Members of the Genus Homo
10.01: Defining the Genus Homo
10.02: Climate Change and Human Evolution
10.03: Homo Habilis - The Earliest Members of Our Genus
10.04: Homo Habilis Culture and Lifeways
10.05: Homo Erectus- Biological and Cultural Innovations
10.06: Homo Erectus Lifeways
10.07: The Big Picture of Early Homo
10.08: Review Questions
10.09: Key Terms
10.10: End of Chapter Content
11: Archaic Homo
11.01: Breaking the Stigma of the Caveman
11.02: The Changing Environment
11.03: Defining Characteristics of Archaic Homo Sapiens
11.04: Neanderthals
11.05: The Middle Stone Age - Neanderthal Contemporaries in Africa
11.06: Where Did They Go The End of Neanderthals
11.07: Denisovans
11.08: Models of Modern Human Distribution
11.09: Conclusions
11.10: Review Questions
11.11: Key Terms
11.12: End of Chapter Content
12: Modern Homo sapiens
12.01: Defining Modernity
12.02: First Africa Then the World
12.03: The Big Picture - The Assimilation Hypothesis
12.04: The Chain Reaction of Agriculture
12.05: Special Topic - The Future of Humanity
12.06: Conclusion and Hominin Species Summary
12.07: Review Questions
12.08: Key Terms
12.09: End of Chapter Content
13: Race and Human Variation
13.01: Human Variation
13.02: The History of Race Concepts
13.03: Human Variation in Biological Anthropology Today
13.04: Talking About Human Biological Variation Going Forward
13.05: Review Questions
13.06: Key Terms
13.07: End of Chapter Content
14: Human Variation - An Adaptive Significance Approach
14.01: Stress and Homeostasis
14.02: Adjustments
14.03: Adaptations
14.04: Review Questions
14.05: Key Terms
14.06: End of Chapter Content
15: Forensic Anthropology
15.01: Introduction to Forensic Anthropology
15.02: Skeletal Analysis
15.03: Dig Deeper- Bioarchaeology
15.04: Trauma Analysis
15.05: Taphonomy
15.06: Ethics and Human Rights
15.07: Special Topic- Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA)
15.08: Review Questions
15.09: End of Chapter Content
16: Contemporary Topics - Human Biology and Health
16.01: Introduction to Contemporary Health Issues
16.02: Preagricultural Humans
16.03: Health Consequences of the Transition to Agriculture and Animal Domestication
16.04: Epidemiological Transitions
16.05: Obesity
16.06: Cardiovascular Disease
16.07: Osteorthritis
16.08: Cancer
16.09: Stress
16.10: Syndemics and the Ecological Model
16.11: Are We Still Evolving
16.12: Food for Thoughts
16.13: Review Questions
16.14: Key Terms
16.15: End of Chapter Content
17: Social and Biopolitical Dimensions of Evolutionary Thinking
17.01: Introduction to Multilevel Evolution
17.02: Evolution Happens at Multiple Levels
17.03: The Biopolitics of Heredity
17.04: Adaptationism and the Panglossian Paradigm
17.05: Concluding Thoughts
17.06: Review Questions
17.07: Key Terms
17.08: End of Chapter Content
18: Appendix A - Osteology
18.01: Introduction to Osteology
18.02: Anatomical Terminology
18.03: Human Skeletal System
18.04: Review Questions
18.05: Key Terms
18.06: End of Chapter Content
19: Appendix B - Primate Conservation
19.01: Current Conservation Status of Nonhuman Primates
19.02: Threats to Primates
19.03: Primate Significance
19.04: What Can Be Done
19.05: Further Perspectives
19.06: Review Questions
19.07: End of Chapter Content
20: Appendix C - Human Behavioral Ecology
20.01: Human Behavioral Ecology
20.02: How Can Human Behavioral Ecology Help Us Understand Altruism
20.03: How Can Human Behavioral Ecology Help Us Understand the World
20.04: Special Topic- Fertility Research in Human Behavioral Ecology
20.05: Review Questions
20.06: Key Terms
20.07: End of Chapter Content
21: Appendix D - Ancient DNA
21.01: Sequencing Ancient Genomes
21.02: The Discovery of Denisovans
21.03: Sequencing Archaic Genomes to Understand Modern Humans
21.04: Review Questions
21.05: Key Terms
21.06: End of Chapter Content